Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCP) comprising a mix of non-resorbable hydroxyapatite (HA) and resorbable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are particularly suitable materials for synthetic bone substitute applications. In this study, HA synthesised by solid state reaction was mechanically mixed with β-TCP, then sintered to form a suite of BCP materials with a wide range of HA/β-TCP phase content ratios. The influence of sintering temperature and composition on the HA thermal stability was quantified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The pre-sinter β-TCP content was found to strongly affect the post-sinter HA/β-TCP ratio by promoting the thermal decomposition of HA to β-TCP, even at sintering temperatures as low as 850 °C. For BCP material with pre-sinter HA/β-TCP = 40/60 wt%, approximately 80% of the HA decomposed to β-TCP during sintering at 1000 °C. Furthermore, the HA content appeared to influence the reverse transformation of α-TCP to β-TCP expected upon gradual cooling from sintering temperatures greater than 1125 °C. Because the HA/β-TCP ratio dominantly determines the rate and extent of BCP resorption in vivo, the possible thermal decomposition of HA during BCP synthesis must be considered, particularly if high temperature treatments are involved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. DACULSI, R. Z. LEGEROS, E. NERY, K. LYNCH and B. KEREBEL, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 23 (1989) 883
U. RIPAMONTI, Biomaterials 17 (1996) 31
M. VALLET-REGI and J. M. GONZALEZ-CALBET, Progr. Solid State Chem. 32 (2004) 1
S. YAMADA, D. HEYMANN, J. M. BOULER and G. DACULSI, Biomaterials 18 (1997) 1037
G. DACULSI, Biomaterials 19 (1998) 1473
T. LIVINGSTONE ARINZEH, T. TRAN, J. MCALARY and G. DACULSI, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 3631
P. HABIBOVIC, H. YUAN, C. M. Van Der VALK, G. MEIJER, C. A. Van BLITTERSWIJK and K. De GROOT, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 3565
J. M. CURRAN, J. A. GALLAGHER and J. A. HUNT, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 5313
R. AYERS, S. NIELSEN-PREISS, V. FERGUSON, G. GOTOLLI, J. J. MOORE and H. J. KLEEBE, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 26 (2005) 1333
D. LE NIHOUANNEN, G. DACULSI, A. SAFFRAZADEH, O. GAUTHIER, S. DELPLACE, P. PILET and P. LAYROLLE, Bone 36 (2005) 1086
C. E. WILSON, M. C. KRUYT, J. D. De BRUIJN, C. A. Van BLITTERSWIJK, F. CUMHUR ONER, A. J. VERBOUT and W. J. A. DHERT, Biomaterials 27 (2006) 302
E. GOYENVALLE, E. AGUADO, J. M. NGUYEN, N. PASSUIT, L. LE GUENENNEC, P. LAYROLLE and G. DACULSI, Biomaterials 27 (2006) 1119
W. SUCHANEK and M. YOSHIMURA, J. Mater. Res. 13 (1998) 94
Z. YANG, Y. JIANG, Y. WANG, L. MA and F. LI, Mater. Lett. 58 (2004) 3586
A. CÜNEYT TAS, F. KORKUSUZ, M. TIMUCIN and N. AKKAS, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 8 (1997) 91
N. KIVRAK and A. CÜNEYT TAS, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998) 2245
I. R. GIBSON, I. REHMAN, S. M. BEST and W. BONFIELD, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 11 (2000) 533
E. CAROLINE-VICTORIA and F. D. GNANAM, Trends Biomater. Artifi. Organs 16 (2002) 12
S. H. KWOM, Y. K. JUN, S. H. HONG and H. E. KIM, J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. 23 (2003) 1039
S. KANNAN, J. H. G. ROCHA, J. M. G. VENTURA, A. F. LEMOS and J. M. F FERREIRA, Scripta Mater. 53 (2002) 1259
J. ZHOU, X. ZHANG, J. CHEN, S. ZENG and K. De GROOT, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 4 (1993) 83
H. LI, B. S. NG, K. A. KHOR, P. CHEANG and T. W. CLYNE, Acta Mater. 52 (2004) 445
S. DYSHLOVENKO, C. PIERLOT, L. PAWLOWSKI, R. TOMASZEK and P. CHAGNON, Surface Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 2054
R. B. HEIMANN, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 2012
C. J. LIAO, F. H. LIN, K. S. CHEN and J. S. SUN, Biomaterials 20 (1999) 1807
S. RAYNAUD, E. CHAMPION, D. BERNACHE-ASSOLLANT and P. THOMAS, Biomaterials 23 (2002) 1065
C. P. A. T. KLEIN, J. G. C. WOLKE and K. DE GROOT, in “An Introduction to Bioceramics”, edited by L. L. HENCH and J. WILSON (World Scientific Publishing, 1993) p. 199
R. Z. LEGEROS and J. P. LEGEROS, in “An Introduction to Bioceramics”, edited by L. L. HENCH and J. WILSON, (World Scientific Publishing, 1993) p. 139
R. RAMACHANDRA RAO, R. RAI, H. N. ROOPA and T. S. KANNAN, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 8 (1997) 511
F. FAZAN and K. B. N. SHAHIDA, Med. J. Malaysia 59 (2004) 69
F. H. CHUNG, Journal of Applied Crystallography 7 (1974) 513
S. RAYNAUD, E. CHAMPION, D. BERNACHE-ASSOLLANT and J.-P. LAVAL, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 (2001) 359
F.-H. LIN, L. CHUN-JEN, C. KO-SHAO and S. JUI-SHENG, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 13 (2000) 97
A. RAPACZ-KMITA, C. PALUSZKIEWICZ, A. SLOSARCZYK, Z. PASKIEWICS, J. Mol. Struct. 744–747 (2005) 653
E. LANDI, A. AMPIERI, G. CELOTTI and S. SPRIO, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20 (2000) 2377
S. MEEJOO, W. MANEEPRAKORN and P. WINOTAI, Thermochim. Acta 447 (2006) 115
G. MURALITHRAN and S. RAMESH, Ceram. Int. 26 (2000) 221
M. DESCAMPS, J. C. HORNEZ and A. LERICHE, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. (2006). In press (doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.09.005)
P. E. WANG and T. K. CHAKI, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 4 (1993) 150
S. NAKUMURA, R. OTSUKA and H. AOKI, Thermochim. Acta 165 (1990) 57
Acknowledgements
One of the authors (RN) would like to thank the SRP of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding this study on the YREF program. The XRD and FTIR measurements were carried out at the National Metrology Laboratory of the CSIR, with assistance from Retha Rossouw and Eino Vuorinen respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nilen, R.W.N., Richter, P.W. The thermal stability of hydroxyapatite in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 19, 1693–1702 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3252-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3252-x