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Structural and electrical property characterization of thermoelectric (Ca3Co4O9±δ) ceramic oxide fabrication by various reducing agent method

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A Correction to this article was published on 23 November 2023

A Correction to this article was published on 13 April 2023

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Abstract

In the present study, calcium cobalt oxide-based ceramic oxide (Ca3Co4O9±δ) is synthesized by various reducing agent method by metal complex-assisted sol–gel assisted followed by combustion method using various reducing agents. The reducing agents adopted in the study are citric acid, starch polymer, and polyethylene glycol. The detailed structural and surface characterizations of as-prepared Ca3Co4O9+δ have demonstrated by XRD, TGA, and diffuse UV–visible spectral analysis. Hydrothermal method-prepared Iron-doped Ca3Co4O9± δ ceramic shows the Nanorods’ morphology. Electrical properties such as conductivity, Hall co-efficient, and electron mobility studies have been demonstrated. The density of the prepared materials by changing the stoichiometry ranges from 2.72 g/cm3 (relative density 55%) to 2.91 g/cm3 (relative density 58.9%). The density is found to be improved by decreasing the amount of calcium. The higher density is obtained for Ca2.90 Co3.91O9±δ which is 2.91 g/cm3 (58.9% of theoretical density). The effect of foreign metal ion doping in bulk calcium carbonate has studied and compared their electronic properties. The various reducing agent method-prepared Ca3Co4O9±δ shows the promising thermoelectric features. Polymer method-prepared Ca3Co4O9±δ sample with various transition metal ion substitution shows (calcium-doped ceramic oxide) the higher electron mobility and conducting activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors (RJ and HA) extend their appreciation to the financial support through Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R354), King Saud university, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This work was supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R354).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad AL-Lohedan & Hassan A. Al-Sigh

  2. C-MET, Center for Materials for Electronics Technology, Athani, M.G. Kavu P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680581, India

    Radhika Thankappan

  3. Department of VLSI Microelectronics, Institute of ECE, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India

    Radhika Thankappan & Hassan A. Al-Sigh

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  1. Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar
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Contributions

JRR, development of design of methodology, creation of models, conducting a research work, specifically performing experiments, and data collections. Writing—original draft. RT, formal analysis, validation. HA-L, methodology, formal analysis, writing—review & editing, supervision. HA-S, validation, formal analysis, critical review, commentary and revision, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar or Radhika Thankappan.

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Rajabathar, J.R., Thankappan, R., AL-Lohedan, H. et al. Structural and electrical property characterization of thermoelectric (Ca3Co4O9±δ) ceramic oxide fabrication by various reducing agent method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 585 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09986-4

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