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Mesoporous architecture of TiO2 microspheres via controlled template assisted route and their photoelectrochemical properties

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Abstract

Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres were successfully synthesized via a controlled chemical route using carbon spheres as sacrificial templates. The morphology has been controlled by varying the deposition time of carbonaceous (c) spheres from 4 to 16 h with the interval of 4 h, which affect the size of TiO2 spheres. The structural, morphological, optical, compositional and photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2 thin films were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of anatase TiO2 with the tetragonal crystal structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the synthesized anatase TiO2 microspheres has average diameter of ~330–510 nm. The blueshift in optical absorption is observed due to Mie scattering. The indirect optical band gap energy of TiO2 was varied over 3.05–3.16 eV, with the increase in deposition time. The HRTEM and SAED results show the polycrystalline nature of the sample which is in good agreement with the XRD. The anatase TiO2 hollow spheres with mesoporous walls and high specific surface area i.e. 41 m2 g−1 was obtained using this simple method. The films were photoelectrochemically active with maximum current density 531 µA/cm2 under 100 mW/cm2 illuminations.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors TSB is thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC) New Delhi, India for awarding the UGC-BSR (JRF) fellowship (Grant no. F.25-1/2013-14(BSR)/7-167/2007 (BSR) for financial support. This work is partially supported by the Human Resources Development program (No.: 20124010203180) of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thin Film Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, M.S., 416 004, India

    T. S. Bhat, S. D. Korade, J. S. Shaikh & P. S. Patil

  2. Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea

    S. S. Mali & C. K. Hong

  3. Department of Physics, Vivekanand College, Kolhapur, M.S., 416004, India

    M. M. Karanjkar

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500 757, South Korea

    J. H. Kim

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  1. T. S. Bhat
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Correspondence to J. H. Kim or P. S. Patil.

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Bhat, T.S., Mali, S.S., Korade, S.D. et al. Mesoporous architecture of TiO2 microspheres via controlled template assisted route and their photoelectrochemical properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 304–316 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5525-y

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