Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of sintering parameters and MgO ratio on structural properties in Al7075/MgO composites: a review

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this experimental study, Al7075 matrix composites reinforced with different proportions of MgO were produced by powder metallurgy method. Different sintering temperatures and times were applied in the powder metallurgy production process. In the second stage of the experimental study, firstly, the porosity and hardness measurements of the composite materials were made. Then, microstructure images were taken with SEM and optical microscope, and XRD analyzes were performed. Using the obtained data, the effects of different MgO ratios and different sintering parameters on the structural properties of composite materials were evaluated. As the sintering temperature increased, the density of the composite structure increased and then decreased again. Accordingly, the amount of porosity first decreased and then increased again. Significant size growth occurred in all samples sintered at 600 °C. This change was associated with the high amount of porosity in the same samples. A more stable microstructure was obtained from the samples sintered at 550 °C. Thus, it can be said that the presence of excess MgO particles in the system causes the material quality to deteriorate due to increased microscopic structural problems, wetting rates, intergranular interaction problems between adjacent layers, recovery mechanism and entanglement of voids, and dislocations. Therefore, the ideal rate, time and temperature value for MgO addition should be carefully determined. As a result, it was seen that the sintering temperature of 550 °C gave the most suitable results. The sintering time strengthened the phase volume of the Al7075 alloy, making the compound more stable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Manohar G, Maity SR, Pandey KM (2022) Microstructural and mechanical properties of microwave sintered AA7075/graphite/SiC hybrid composite fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques. SILICON 14(10):5179–5189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jørgensen MJ, Primdahl S, Bagger C, Mogensen M (2001) Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and performance of LSM–YSZ composite cathodes. Solid State Ionics 139(1–2):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Karakoc H, Ovalı I, Dündar S, Citak R (2019) Wear and mechanical properties of Al6061/SiC/B4C hybrid composites produced with powder metallurgy. J Mater Res Technol 28(6):5348–5361

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ghasali E, Alizadeh M, Ebadzadeh T, Pakseresht AH, Rahbari A (2015) Investigation on microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C–aluminum matrix composites prepared by microwave sintering. J Mater Res Technol 4(4):411–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Khoshghadam-Pireyousefan M, Rahmanifard R, Orovcik L, Švec P, Klemm V (2020) Application of a novel method for fabrication of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix nanocomposites: synthesis, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng, A 772:138820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-Mosawi BT, Wexler D, Calka A (2017) Characterization and mechanical properties of α-Al2O3 particle reinforced aluminium matrix composites, synthesized via uniball magneto-milling and uniaxial hot pressing. Adv Powder Technol 28(3):1054–1064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Majidian H, Ghasali E, Ebadzadeh T, Razavi M (2016) Effect of heating method on microstructure and mechanical properties of zircon reinforced aluminum composites. Mater Res 19:1443–1448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mosleh-Shirazi S, Akhlaghi F, Li DY (2016) Effect of graphite content on the wear behavior of Al/2SiC/Gr hybrid nano-composites respectively in the ambient environment and an acidic solution. Tribol Int 103:620–628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sherif ESM, Latief FH, Junaedi H, Almajid AA (2012) Influence of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets particles additions and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. Int J Electrochem Sci 7(5):4352–4361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chintada S, Dora SP, Kare D (2021) Mechanical behavior and metallographic characterization of microwave sintered Al/SiC composite materials–an experimental approach. SILICON 4(12):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  11. Albert T, Sunil J, Christopher AS, Jegan R, Prabhu PA, Selvaganesan M (2021) Preparation and characterization of aluminium-titanium carbide (Al-TiC) composite using powder metallurgy. Mater Today: Proc 37:1558–1561

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sadooghi A, Hashemi SJ (2019) Investigating the influence of ZnO, CuO, Al2O3 reinforcing nanoparticles on strength and wearing properties of aluminum matrix nanocomposites produced by powder metallurgy process. Mater Res Express 6(10):105019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sweet GAW, Williams BW, Taylor A, Hexemer RL, Donaldson IW, Bishop DP (2020) A microstructural and mechanical property investigation of a hot upset forged 2xxx series aluminum powder metallurgy alloy reinforced with AlN. J Mater Process Technol 284:116742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yar AA, Montazerian M, Abdizadeh H, Baharvandi HR (2009) Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced with nano-particle MgO. J Alloy Compd 484(1–2):400–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Aynalem GF (2020) Processing methods and mechanical properties of aluminium matrix composites. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2020:3765791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rahimian M, Parvin N, Ehsani N (2010) Investigation of particle size and amount of alumina on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al matrix composite made by powder metallurgy. Mater Sci Eng, A 527(4–5):1031–1038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rahimian M, Ehsani N, Parvin N, Reza Baharvandi H (2009) The effect of particle size, sintering temperature and sintering time on the properties of Al–Al2O3 composites, made by powder metallurgy. J Mater Process Technol 209(14):5387–5393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Konieczny M (2012) The effect of sintering temperature, sintering time and reinforcement particle size on properties of Al–Al2O3 composites. Compos Theory Pract 12(1):39–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Megahed M, Attia MA, Abdelhameed M, El-Shafei AG (2017) Tribological characterization of hybrid metal matrix composites processed by powder metallurgy. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 30(8):781–790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ozer M, Aydogan SI, Cinici H, Ozer A (2022) Effects of sintering techniques and parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-15Si-2, 5Cu-0.5Mg compacts and Al-15Si-2, 5Cu-0.5 Mg/B4C composites. Mater Today Commun 30:103192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Surya MS (2022) Effect of SiC weight percentage and sintering duration on microstructural and mechanical behaviour of Al6061/SiC composites produced by powder metallurgy technique. SILICON 14(6):2731–2739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Padmavathi C, Upadhyaya A (2010) Densification, microstructure and properties of supersolidus liquid phase sintered 6711Al-SiC metal matrix composites. Sci Sinter 42:363–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Aydoğan S, Özer M, Çinici H, Özer A (2020) Effects of sintering temperature on density and microstructure of Al-15Si-2.5 Cu 0.5Mg/B4C Composites. In: International conference on advanced materials science & engineering and high tech devices applications; exhibition (ICMATSE 2020)

  24. Venkateswarlu K, Saurabh S, Rajinikanth V, Sahu RK, R. K., & Ray, A. K. (2010) Synthesis of TiN reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites through microwave sintering. J Mater Eng Perform 19:231–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu C, Fang P, Luo G, Chen F, Shen Q, Zhang L, Lavernia EJ (2014) Effect of plasma activated sintering parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7075/B4C composites. J Alloy Compd 615:276–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Xu L, Zhang F, Yue X, Tian Q (2016) Advance on Al2O3 particulates reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) manufactured by the power metallurgy (PM) methods-improved PM techniques. In: MATEC web of conferences, vol 67. EDP Sciences, p 06098

  27. Manohar G, Pandey KM, Maity SR (2021) Effect of microwave sintering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075/B4C/ZrC hybrid nano composite fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques. Ceram Int 47(23):32610–32618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Baghchesara MA, Abdizadeh H (2012) Microstructural and mechanical properties of nanometric magnesium oxide particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy method. J Mech Sci Technol 26(2):367–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rahimian M, Ehsani N, Parvin N, Baharvandi HR (2009) The effect of sintering temperature and the amount of reinforcement on the properties of Al–Al2O3 composite. Mater Des 30(8):3333–3337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Oketola A, Jamiru T, Adesola Taoreed Adegbola AT, Ogunbiyi O, Sadiku R, Salifu S (2022) Influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of ZrO2 reinforced spark plasma sintered Ni-Cr. Int J Lightw Mater Manuf 5:188–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vani VV, Chak SK (2018) The effect of process parameters in aluminum metal matrix composites with powder metallurgy. Manuf Rev 5:7

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gürbüz M, Can Şenel M, Koç E (2018) The effect of sintering time, temperature, and graphene addition on the hardness and microstructure of aluminum composites. J Compos Mater 52(4):553–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Umasankar V, Xavior MA, Karthikeyan S (2014) Experimental evaluation of the influence of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of SiC particle reinforced AA6061 aluminium alloy matrix composite by powder processing. J Alloy Compd 582:380–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Post D, Han B, Ifju P (1997) High sensitivity moiré: experimental analysis for mechanics and materials. Springer

  35. Hashim J, Looney L, Hashmi MSJ (2001) The enhancement of wettability of SiC particles in cast alüminium matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 119:329–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Grathwohl P (1998) Diffusion in natural porous media: contaminant transport, sorption/desorption and dissolution kinetics. Kluwer Academic

  37. Grathwohl P (1998) Modelling of diffusion processes. In: Diffusion in natural porous media. Springer, Boston, MA, p 43–81

  38. Mármol G, Savastano H (2017) Study of the degradation of non-conventional MgO-SiO2 cement reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers. Cement Concr Compos 80:258–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tan CY, Yaghoubi A, Ramesh S, Adzila S, Purbolaksono J, Hassan MA, Kutty MG (2013) ”Sintering and mechanical properties of MgO-doped nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite" (PDF). Ceram Int 39(8):8979–8983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Parkin SSP, Kaiser C, Panchula A, Rice PM, Hughes B, Samant M, Yang SH (2004) Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers. Nat Mater 3(12):862–867 (Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..862P)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rao KS (2017) Sliding wear behavior of cast Al-7075 alloy reinforced with MgO particulates. Mater Today: Proc 4(10):11096–11101

    Google Scholar 

  42. Pasha SS, Imran M, Harish SN (2020) Wear rate and hardness characteristics of Al7075/kyanite (Al2SiO5) composites. Materials Today: Proceedings 26:922–928

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zalaoglu Y, Turgay T, Ulgen AT, Erdem U, Turkoz MB, Yildirim G (2020) A novel research on the subject of the load-independent microhardness performances of Sr/Ti partial displacement in Bi-2212 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31(24):22239–22251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ulgen AT, Erdem Ü, Yildirim G, Turkoz MB, Turgay T (2022) Contribution of vanadium particles to thermal movement of correlated two-dimensional pancake Abrikosov vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting system. Bol Soc Esp Cerám Vidr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kumar M, Isloor AM, Todeti SR, Nagaraja HS, Ismail AF, Susanti R (2021) Effect of binary zinc-magnesium oxides on polyphenylsulfone/cellulose acetate derivatives hollow fiber membranes for the decontamination of arsenic from drinking water. Chem Eng J 405:126809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Risbud SH, Groza JR, Kim MJ (1994) Clean grain boundaries in aluminium nitride ceramics densified without additives by a plasma-activated sintering process. Philos Mag B 69(3):525–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bird RB, Stewart WE, Lightfoot EN (1976) Transport phenomena. Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  48. Irhayyim SS, Hammood HS, Mahdi AD (2020) Mechanical and wear properties of hybrid aluminum matrix composite reinforced with graphite and nano MgO particles prepared by powder metallurgy technique. AIMS Mater Sci 7:103–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Knapek M, Zemková M, Greš A, Jablonská E, Lukáč F, Král R, Minárik P (2021) Corrosion and mechanical properties of a novel biomedical WN43 magnesium alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering. J Magn Alloys 9(3):853–865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gong X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Cao J, Zhang S (2018) Roles of impurities on sintering structure and thermal strength of CaO-containing carbon pellet and the CaO sintering kinetic analysis. Powder Technol 336:92–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Alhazaa AN, Khan TI (2010) Diffusion bonding of Al7075 to Ti–6Al–4V using Cu coatings and Sn–3.6 Ag–1Cu interlayers. J Alloys Compd 494(1–2):351–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kenevisi MS, Khoie SM (2012) A study on the effect of bonding time on the properties of Al7075 to Ti–6Al–4V diffusion bonded joint. Mater Lett 76:144–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kumari L, Li WZ, Vannoy CH, Leblanc RM, Wang DZ (2009) Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of Mg (OH)2 micro-/nanostructure and its conversion to MgO. Ceram Int 35(8):3355–3364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Cullity BD, Stock SR (2014) Elements of X-ray diffraction, 3rd edn. Pearson, printed in USA

  55. Kaviyarasu K, Manikandan E, Kennedy J, Maaza M (2015) A comparative study on the morphological features of highly ordered MgO: AgO nanocube arrays prepared via a hydrothermal method. RSC Adv 5(100):82421–82428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Fuku X, Matinise N, Masikini M, Kasinathan K, Maaza M (2018) An electrochemically active green synthesized polycrystalline NiO/MgO catalyst: use in photo-catalytic applications. Mater Res Bull 97:457–465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Zavodinsky VG (2004) The mechanism of ionic conductivity in stabilized cubic zirconia. Phys Solid State 46(3):453–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Unit within the scope of the project numbered 2021/051.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electric and Energy, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Muharrem Pul

  2. Scientific and Technological Research Application Center, Kirikkale University, 71450, Kirikkale, Turkey

    Umit Erdem

  3. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karabuk University, 78050, Karabuk, Turkey

    Mustafa Burak Turkoz

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Turkey

    Gürcan Yildirim

Authors
  1. Muharrem Pul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Umit Erdem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mustafa Burak Turkoz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gürcan Yildirim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muharrem Pul.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that there are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Catalin Croitoru.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pul, M., Erdem, U., Turkoz, M.B. et al. The effect of sintering parameters and MgO ratio on structural properties in Al7075/MgO composites: a review. J Mater Sci 58, 664–684 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-08003-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-08003-z

Search

Navigation