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Nanoscale/microscale porous graphene-like sheets derived from different tissues and components of cane stalk for high-performance supercapacitors

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Abstract

Different biomass components have different effects on the microstructures and physicochemical properties of biocarbons. And the properties of biocarbons still need to be further improved. Nanoscale/microscale graphene-like sheets are synthesized with KOH as micropore-forming agent, \(\hbox{Fe}(\hbox{NO}_{3})_{3}\cdot \hbox{9}\,\hbox{H}_{2}\hbox{O}\) as mesopore-forming agent and graphite catalyst. It is systematically researched to get the effects of biomass components on them. Cane sugar can form flat graphene-like nanosheets with high conductivity. Their performance drops sharply at \(100\,\hbox{A g}^{-1}\), indicating that biocarbons need a support of carbon skeleton to operate normally at high current density. Bagasse pith contains amount of cellulose and hemicellulose, which are good for forming pores. Bagasse pith-derived graphene-like sheets possess large specific surface area (\(2923.58\,\hbox{m}^{2}\,\hbox{g}^{-1}\)), high specific capacitance (\(514.14\,\hbox{F g}^{-1}\) at \(0.3\,\hbox{A g}^{-1}\) and \(372.57\,\hbox{F g}^{-1}\) at \(100\,\hbox{A g}^{-1}\)) and high energy density. Due to homogeneous coated doping with graphene-like nanosheets, sugarcane pith-derived graphene-like sheets possess low impedance (\(\text{R}_{\mathrm{s}}=0.02\,\Omega \)), high rate capability (maintained 82.34% from 0.3 to \(100\,\hbox{A g}^{-1}\)) and high cycling stability (maintained 101.51% after 5000 cycles), which is better than lots of graphene doping. Sugarcane skin contains more lignin which has hexagonal carbon rings. The graphitization extent of sugarcane skin-derived graphene-like sheets is significantly high. The results provide references to select carbon precursors, and show a novel graphene-like doping method which is suitable for different materials and various fields.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong, China (ZR2017MEE010) and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2016JC005).

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  1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Meimei Wang, Kuihua Han, Jianhui Qi, Jinxiao Li, Zhaocai Teng & Ming Li

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Wang, M., Han, K., Qi, J. et al. Nanoscale/microscale porous graphene-like sheets derived from different tissues and components of cane stalk for high-performance supercapacitors. J Mater Sci 54, 14085–14101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03910-0

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