Abstract
As a biorenewable resource, cellulose is widely used in our life in the form of films and fibers after dissolution-regeneration process. In this paper, cellulose/Laponite nanocomposite films were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and Laponite via a solution blending process by using a green solvent, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, to dissolve MCC effectively and disperse Laponite layers homogeneously. The dispersion of layered Laponite nanoparticles up to 5 wt% in MCC matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the best dispersion was obtained for 1 wt% content of Laponite. The optical properties, tensile strength, and thermal stability of regenerated MCC/Laponite composite films depended on the dispersion of Laponite in MCC matrix. The MCC/Laponite film up to 3 wt% Laponite showed increased tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability, retaining high transmittance above 80 % at 800 nm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Edit 44:3358–3393
Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2002) Dissolution of cellose with ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 124:4974–4975
Wu J, Zhang J, Zhang H, He JS, Ren Q, Guo M (2004) Homogeneous acetylation of cellulose in a new ionic liquid. Biomacromolecules 5:266–268
Zhang H, Wu J, Zhang J, He JS (2005) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room temperature ionic liquid: a new and powerful nonderivatizing solvent for cellulose. Macromolecules 38:8272–8277
El Seoud OA, Koschella A, Fidale LC, Dorn S, Heinze T (2007) Applications of ionic liquids in carbohydrate chemistry: a window of opportunities. Biomacromolecules 8:2629–2647
Wang H, Gurau G, Rogers RD (2012) Ionic liquid processing of cellulose. Chem Soc Rev 41:1519–1537
Welton T (1999) Room-temperature ionic liquids. Solvents for synthesis and catalysis. Chem Rev 99:2071–2083
Cao Y, Li HQ, Zhang Y, Zhang J, He JS (2010) Structure and properties of novel regenerated cellulose films prepared from cornhusk cellulose in room temperature ionic liquids. J Appl Polym Sci 116:547–554
Kosan B, Michels C, Meister F (2008) Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids. Cellulose 15:59–66
Mahmoudian S, Wahit MU, Ismail AF, Yussuf AA (2012) Preparation of regenerated cellulose/montmorillonite nanocomposite films via ionic liquids. Carbohydr Polym 88:1251–1257
Turner MB, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2004) Production of bioactive cellulose films reconstituted from ionic liquids. Biomacromolecules 5:1379–1384
Xu SS, Zhang J, He AH, Li JX, Zhang H, Han CC (2008) Electrospinning of native cellulose from nonvolatile solvent system. Polymer 49:2911–2917
Zhang H, Wang ZG, Zhang ZN, Wu J, Zhang J, He JS (2007) Regenerated-cellulose/multiwalled-carbon-nanotube composite fibers with enhanced mechanical properties prepared with the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Adv Mater 19:698–704
Soheilmoghaddam M, Wahit MU, Yussuf AA, Al-Saleh MA, Whye WT (2014) Characterization of bio regenerated cellulose/sepiolite nanocomposite films prepared via ionic liquid. Polym Test 33:121–130
Hanid NA, Wahit MU, Guo QP, Mahmoodian S, Soheilmoghaddam M (2014) Development of regenerated cellulose/halloysites nanocomposites via ionic liquids. Carbohydr Polym 99:91–97
Kumar ASK, Kalidhasan S, Rajesh V, Rajesh N (2012) Application of cellulose-clay composite biosorbent toward the effective adsorption and removal of chromium from industrial wastewater. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:58–69
Qi HS, Liu JW, Gao SL, Mader E (2013) Multifunctional films composed of carbon nanotubes and cellulose regenerated from alkaline-urea solution. J Mat Chem A 1:2161–2168
Soheilmoghaddam M, Wahit MU, Mahmoudian S, Hanid NA (2013) Regenerated cellulose/halloysite nanotube nanocomposite films prepared with an ionic liquid. Mater Chem Phys 141:936–943
Yang QL, Saito T, Isogai A (2013) Transparent, flexible, and high-strength regenerated cellulose/saponite nanocomposite films with high gas barrier properties. J Appl Polym Sci 130:3168–3174
Avery RG, Ramsay JDF (1986) Colloidal properties of synthetic hectorite clay dispersions. 2. Light and samll-angle neutron-scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 109:448–454
Thompson DW, Butterworth JT (1992) The nature of Laponite and its aqueous dispersions. J Colloid Interface Sci 151:236–243
Loginov M, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2012) Laponite assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 365:127–136
Cao Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Li H, Zhang Y, He J (2009) Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): a new and versatile platform for cellulose processing and derivatization. Chem Eng J 147:13–21
Lv YX, Wu J, Zhang JM, Niu YH, Liu CY, He JS, Zhang J (2012) Rheological properties of cellulose/ionic liquid/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. Polymer 53:2524–2531
Rein DM, Khalfin R, Szekely N, Cohen Y (2014) True molecular solutions of natural cellulose in the binary ionic liquid-containing solvent mixtures. Carbohydr Polym 112:125–133
Sun LF, Chen JY, Jiang W, Lynch V (2015) Crystalline characteristics of cellulose fiber and film regenerated from ionic liquid solution. Carbohy Polym 118:150–155
Palkova H, Madejova J, Zimowska M, Serwicka EM (2010) Laponite-derived porous clay heterostructures: II. FTIR study of the structure evolution. Microporous Mesoporous Mat 127:237–244
Oh SY, Yoo DI, Shin Y, Seo G (2005) FTIR analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. Carbohydr Res 340:417–428
Yuan ZW, Fan QR, Dai XN, Zhao C, Zhang JJ, Xu GY, Qin MH (2014) Cross-linkage effect of cellulose/laponite hybrids in aqueous dispersions and solid films. Carbohydr Polym 102:431–437
Hedicke-Hochstotter K, Lim GT, Altstadt V (2009) Novel polyamide nanocomposites based on silicate nanotubes of the mineral halloysite. Composite Sci Tech 69:330–334
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Major Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (KJ2014ZD23) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51273206, 51425307).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, W., Dong, Z., He, J. et al. Transparent cellulose/Laponite nanocomposite films. J Mater Sci 51, 4125–4133 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9735-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9735-8