Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chemically modified fly ash for fabricating super-strong biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chemically modified fly ash (MFA) by sodium hydroxide were prepared by aqueous cast method with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% MFA treated with 1 wt% cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde, GLA). The tensile strengths of the composite films were found to increase proportionally with MFA and the maximum strength attained was 414% higher in the case of 20 wt% MFA than that in neat PVA film. The percentage of strain at break exponentially decreased with addition of MFA. The modulus of the composites was determined to increase proportionally up to a maximum 685% at 20 wt% MFA compared to that of neat PVA film. Interfacial networking between the MFA and PVA was evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of tensile-fractured surfaces, which was not observed for the unmodified fly ash (FA) system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the mean square surface roughness of the composite films of PVA–MFA was 53% smoother than the films with FA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ray SS, Okamoto M (2003) Prog Polym Sci 28:1539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tjong SC, Li RKY, Cheung T (1997) Polym Eng Sci 37(1):166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bigg DM (1987) Polym Comp 8(2):115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chiellini E, Cinelli P, Imam SH, Mao I (2001) Biomacromolecules 2:1029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ramaraj B (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 103:909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Strawhecker KE, Manias E (2000) Chem Mater 12:2943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang X, Liu T, Sreekumar TV, Kumar S, Moore VC, Hauge RH, Smalley R (2003) Nano Lett 3(9):1285

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bana R, Banthia AK (2007) Polym-Plast Tech Eng 46:821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Weichold O, Moller M (2007) Adv Mater 9(8):712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Tan LS, Mchugh AJJ (1996) Mater Sci 31:3701

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen X (2002) J Mater Sci Lett 21:1637

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Huang H, Gu L, Ozaki Y (2006) Polymer 47:3935

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ward CR, French D (2006) Fuel 85:2268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Alkan C, Arslan M, Cici M, Kaya M, Aksoy M (1995) Resour Conver Recyl 13:147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Fukushima Y, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1993) J Mater Res 8:1179

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Guhanathan S, Sarojadevi M (2004) Comp Interface 11(1):43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gupta N, Brar BS, Woldesenbet E (2001) Bull Mater Sci 24(2):219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Yu A, Zeng Q, Das T, Blackburn D, White C (2009) J Mater Sci 44:6078. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-3839-3

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Yu A, Blackburn D, White C (2010) J Appl Poly Sci 115:1510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Yu A, Blackburn D, White C, Varughese S (2009) J Therm Anal Calorim. doi:10.1007/s10973-009-0408-6

  21. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Boughton P, Yu A, Blackburn D, White C (2009) J Appl Poly Sci. doi:10.1002/app.31635

  22. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Yu A, Blackburn D, White C (2010) J Mater Sci 45:1354. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-4091-6

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nath DCD, Bandyopadhyay S, Gupta S, Yu A, Blackburn D, White C (2009) Appl Surf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.11.024

  24. Fan Y, Yin S, Wen Z, Zhong J (1999) Cem Concr Res 29:467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jimenez AF, Palomo A (2003) Fuel 82:2259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Brouwers HJH, Eijk RJV (2003) Proceedings of the 11th international congress on the chemistry of cement (ICCC). In: Cements contribution to the development in the 21st century, ISBN No: 0-9584085-8-0. Durban, South Africa, 11–16 May 2003

  27. Palomo A, Grutzeck MW, Blanco MT (1999) Cem Concr Res 29:1323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tanaka H, Furusawa S, Hino R (2002) J Mater Syn Process 10(3):143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Palomo A, Blanco MT, Granizo ML, Puertas F, Vazquez T, Grutzeck MW (1999) Cem Concr Res 29:997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chang HL, Shih WH (1998) Ind Eng Chem Res 37:71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jimenez AF, Palomo A (2005) Cem Concr Res 35:1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Immelman E, Sanderson RD, Jacobs EP, Reenen AJV (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 50:1013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tan LS, Mchugh AJ (1996) J Mater Sci 31:3701. doi:10.1007/BF00352783

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Leong YW, Bakar MBA, Ishak ZAM, Ariffin A, Pukanszky B (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 91:3315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Arfat A, Banthia AK, Bandyopadhyay S (2008) J Power Sour 179:69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yurudu C, Isci S, Unlu C, Atici O, Ece I, Gungor N (2006) J Appl Polym Sci 102:2315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kaczmarek H, Podgorski A (2007) J Photochem Photobio A Chem 191:209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Material Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia

    Dilip Chandra Deb Nath, Sri Bandyopadhyay, Philip Boughton & Aibing Yu

  2. Research and Ash Development, Cement Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Darryl Blackburn & Chris White

Authors
  1. Dilip Chandra Deb Nath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sri Bandyopadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Philip Boughton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aibing Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Darryl Blackburn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chris White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sri Bandyopadhyay.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nath, D.C.D., Bandyopadhyay, S., Boughton, P. et al. Chemically modified fly ash for fabricating super-strong biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films. J Mater Sci 45, 2625–2632 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4240-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4240-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation