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Mechanical, thermal, chemical, and physical properties of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites

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Abstract

The thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of ecologically sustainable composite materials made of sponge gourd outer skin fiber and vinyl ester matrix are examined in this study. Vinyl ester was compression molded using sponge gourd outer skin fiber, a novel reinforcing material. Sponge gourd outer skin fiber was prepared using chemical, sun-drying, and furnace-drying methods. At different fiber loadings (0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt.%), the study examined mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, hardness), physical (water absorption, biodegradability), thermal, chemical, and matrix-fiber bonding properties. The composite material with 30% fiber loading has better mechanical characteristics over 0 wt.% such as 2.1 times in tensile strength, 2.2 times in flexural strength, and 4.5 times in impact strength as compared to the pure vinyl ester material, greatest average hardness value of 96 on the Shore A scale. FTIR and TGA were used to study chemical distribution and thermal stability. The study found that 30% fiber loading improved tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness. The material’s biodegradability studies showed its environmental friendliness. The results support sustainable composites in aircraft, automotive, and construction. As a link between surface shape and stress-strain distribution, the fiber-matrix interface affects material characteristics. By reducing dependency on non-renewable resources, natural fibers in composite materials increase performance and environmental sustainability.

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Data availability

The corresponding author will provide the datasets created during and/or analyzed during the current investigation upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

SGOSF:

Sponge gourd outer skin fiber

VE:

Vinyl ester

MEKP:

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

UTM:

Universal Testing Machine

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

wt.%:

Weight percentage

KeV:

Kiloelectronvolts

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Acknowledgements

The testing facilities required for the study were provided by the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). The authors would like to express their gratitude to them.

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Author notes

  1. Md. Muib Hossain Antor, Md Tainjinul Islam Anik, S.M. Masuk Al Faisal, and Mohammad Rejaul Haque contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh

    Md. Muib Hossain Antor, Md Tainjinul Islam Anik, S.M. Masuk Al Faisal, Mohammad Rejaul Haque, Eshat Ar Rafi & Md Zillur Rahman

  2. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Mahbub Hasan

  3. Pilot Plant and Process Development Centre, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh

    M. A. Gafur & Md. Abdus Sabur

  4. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA

    Md. Fazlay Alam

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  1. Md. Muib Hossain Antor
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Contributions

All the authors assisted with the initial idea and concept of the composite design. Md. Muib Hossain Antor, Md Tainjinul Islam Anik, S.M. Masuk Al Faisal, Mohammad Rejaul Haque contributed to the fabrication of the composite. Eshat Ar Rafi, Mahbub Hasan, M. A. Gafur, Md. Abdus Sabur contributed during testing of the composites. All the authors provide insightful comments with recommendations while obtaining data, analyzing results, and creating the final text.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Rejaul Haque.

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Antor, M.M.H., Anik, M.T.I., Al Faisal, S.M. et al. Mechanical, thermal, chemical, and physical properties of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05728-6

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