Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical degradation of Azo-dye Acid Violet 7 using BDD anode: effect of flow reactor configuration on cell hydrodynamics and dye removal efficiency

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The electrochemical oxidation of synthetic textile effluent containing Azo-dye Acid Violet 7 (200 mg L−1) was investigated using planar disk electrodes placed in a one inlet–outlet (I–O) cylindrical reaction chamber. Two different I–O configurations were studied, one parallel and the other perpendicular to the electrodes. Both reactors were equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes and titanium cathodes. The effect of cell design on the hydrodynamic characteristics and efficiency of the reactors in terms of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was studied. Mass transfer coefficient (Km) values of 1.86 × 10−5 m s−1 and 2.56 × 10−5 m s−1 were obtained for the parallel and perpendicular I–O flow reactors, respectively, using the limiting current technique. The degradation results indicated that the colour elimination was quite efficient regardless of the type of reactor used and that complete colour removal could be reached in less than 80 min at applied current density of 30 mA cm−2 and above. However, higher COD removal efficiency was always achieved in the parallel I–O flow cell compared to perpendicular I–O flow reactor at all of the current densities studied, which can be attributed to the possibility of some stagnation in the lateral regions of the electrodes. These favour a longer contact time between the pollutants and the anode, also favouring its removal. Besides, similar electric energy consumption per g COD removal was observed during the treatment with either reactors; thus demonstrating the suitability of the parallel I–O flow cell for the efficient and economic treatment of textile effluent.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sales Solano AM, Costa de Araújo CK, Vieira de Melo J, Peralta-Hernandez J, Ribeiro da Silva D, Martinez-Huitle CA (2013) Decontamination of real textile industrial effluent by strong oxidant species electrogenerated on a diamond electrode: viability and disadvantages of this electrochemical technology. Appl Catal B Environ 130–131:112–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aquino JM, Pereira GF, Rocha-Filho RC et al (2011) Electrochemical degradation of a real textile effluent using boron-doped diamond or β-PbO2 as anode. J Hazard Mater 192:1275–1282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hajjaji W, Ganiyu SO, Tobaldi DM, Andrejkovičová S, Pullar RC, Rocha F, Labrincha JA (2013) Natural Portuguese clayey materials and derived TiO2-containing composites used for decolouring methylene blue (MB) and orange II (OII) solutions. Appl Clay Sci 83–84:91–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Thiam A, Brillas E, Centellas F, Cabot PL, Sirés I (2015) Electrochemical reactivity of Ponceau 4R (food additive E124) in different electrolytes and batch cells. Electrochim Acta 173:523–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Brillas E, Martínez-Huitle CA (2015) Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods. An updated review. Appl Catal B Environ 166–167:603–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA (2004) TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations. Appl Catal B Environ 49:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Panizza M, Cerisola G (2009) Direct and mediated anodic oxidation of organic pollutants. Chem Rev 109:6541–6569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Martínez-Huitle CA, Panizza M (2018) Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment. Curr Opin Electrochem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2018.07.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Sirés I, Scialdone O (2015) Single and coupled electrochemical processes and reactors for the abatement of organic water pollutants: a critical review. Chem Rev 115:13362–13407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rodrigo MA, Oturan N, Oturan MA (2014) Electrochemically assisted remediation of pesticides in soils and water: a review. Chem Rev 114:8720–8745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Moreira FC, Boaventura RAR, Brillas E, Vilar VJP (2017) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: a review on their application to synthetic and real wastewaters. Appl Catal B 202:217–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Comninellis C, Pulgarin C (1991) Anodic-oxidation of phenol for waste-water treatment. J Appl Electrochem 21:703–708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Marselli B, Garcia-Gomez J, Michaud PA, Rodrigo MA, Comninellis C (2003) Electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals on boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 150:D79–D83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ganiyu SO, van Hullebusch ED, Cretin M, Esposito G, Oturan MA (2015) Coupling of membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes for the removal of pharmaceutical residues: a critical review. Sep Purif Technol 156:891–914

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zaky AM, Chaplin BP (2014) Mechanism of p-substituted phenol oxidation at a Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane. Environ Sci Technol 48:5857–5867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zaky AM, Chaplin BP (2013) Porous substoichiometric TiO2 anodes as reactive electrochemical membranes for water treatment. Environ Sci Technol 47:6554–6563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Martínez-Huitle CA, Ferro S, De Battisti A (2005) Electrochemical incineration of oxalic acid: reactivity and engineering parameters. J Appl Electrochem 35:1087–1093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wragg AA, Leontaritis AA (1997) Local mass transfer and current distribution in baffled and unbaffled parallel plate electrochemical reactors. Chem Eng J 66:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Quiroz MA, Martínez-Huitle UA, Martínez-Huitle CA (2005) Mass transfer measurements in a parallel disk cell using the limiting current technique. J Mex Chem Soc 49:279–283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Oduoza CF, Wragg AA (2000) Effects of baffle length on mass transfer in a parallel plate rectangular electrochemical cell. J Appl Electrochem 30:1439–1444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Oduoza CF, Wragg AA, Patrick MA (1997) The effects of a variety of wall obstructions on local mass transfer in a parallel plate electrochemical flow cell. Chem Eng J 68:145–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Podlaha EJ, Fenton JM (1995) Characterization of a flow-by RVC electrode reactor for the removal of heavy metals from dilute solutions. J Appl Electrochem 25:299–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Polcaro AM, Vacca A, Palmas S, Mascia M (2003) Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing phenolic compounds: oxidation at boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 33:885–892

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Szpyrkowicz L, Radaelli M (2006) Scale-up of an electrochemical reactor for treatment of industrial wastewater with an electrochemically generated redox mediator. J Appl Electrochem 36:1151–1156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Pulgarin C, Adler N, Peringer P, Comninellis C (1994) Electrochemical detoxification of a 1,4-benzoquinone solution in waste-water treatment. Water Res 28:887–893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Li X, Wu Y, Zhu W, Xue F, Qian Y, Wang C (2016) Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of synthetic dyeing wastewater using SnO2-Sb-doped TiO2-coated granular activated carbon electrodes with high hydroxyl radical yields. Electrochim Acta 220:276–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yapici S, Patrick MA, Wragg AA (1994) Electrochemical study of mass transfer in decaying annular swirl flow. J Appl Electrochem 24:685–693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Comninellis C, Nerini A (1995) Anodic oxidation of phenol in the presence of NaCl for waste-water treatment. J Appl Electrochem 25:23–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Martinez-Huitle CA, Quiroz MA, Comninellis C, Ferro S, De Battisti A (2004) Electrochemical incineration of chloranilic acid using Ti/IrO2, Pb/PbO2 and Si/BDD electrodes. Electrochim Acta 50:949–956

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bonfatti F, Ferro S, Lavezzo F, Malacarne M, Lodi G, De Battisti A (1999) Electrochemical incineration of glucose as a model organic substrate I. Role of the electrode material. J Electrochem Soc 146:2175–2179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wragg AA, Tagg DJ, Patrick MA (1980) Diffusion-controlled current distributions near cell entries and corners. J Appl Electrochem 10:43–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pletcher D (1984) Electrochemical engineering. In: Industrial Electrochemistry Springer, Dordrecht, pp 52–87

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Chin D-T, Tsang C-H (1978) Mass transfer to an impinging jet electrode. J Electrochem Soc 125:1461–1470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ganiyu SO, Oturan N, Raffy S, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED, Cretin M, Oturan MA (2017) Use of sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide as a ceramic electrode in anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton degradation of the beta-blocker propranolol: degradation kinetics and mineralization pathway. Electrochim Acta 242:344–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Martínez-Huitle CA, De Battisti A, Ferro S, Reyna S, Cerro-López M, Quiro MA (2008) Removal of the pesticide methamidophos from aqueous solutions by electrooxidation using Pb/PbO2, Ti/SnO2, and Si/BDD Electrodes. Environ Sci Technol 42:6929–6935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Panizza M, Martinez-Huitle CA (2013) Role of electrode materials for the anodic oxidation of a real landfill leachate—Comparison between Ti–Ru–Sn ternary oxide, PbO2 and boron-doped diamond anode. Chemosphere 90:1455–1460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. El-Ghenymy A, Cabot PL, Centellas F, Garrido JA, Rodríguez RM, Arias C, Brillas E (2013) Electrochemical incineration of the antimicrobial sulfamethazine at a boron-doped diamond anode. Electrochim Acta 90:254–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ganiyu SO, Oturan N, Raffy S, Cretin M, Esmilaire R, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G, Oturan MA (2016) Sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti4O7) as a suitable ceramic anode for electrooxidation of organic pollutants: a case study of kinetics, mineralization and toxicity assessment of amoxicillin. Water Res 106:171–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Financial support from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - 465571/2014-0; CNPq - 446846/2014-7 and CNPq - 401519/2014-7) and FAPESP (2014/50945-4) are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil

    Chrystiane N. Brito, Maiara Barbosa Ferreira, Elaine Cristina M. de Moura Santos, Soliu O. Ganiyu & Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle

  2. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil

    José J. Línares Léon

  3. National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil

    Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle

Authors
  1. Chrystiane N. Brito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maiara Barbosa Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elaine Cristina M. de Moura Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José J. Línares Léon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Soliu O. Ganiyu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to José J. Línares Léon or Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Brito, C.N., Ferreira, M.B., de Moura Santos, E.C.M. et al. Electrochemical degradation of Azo-dye Acid Violet 7 using BDD anode: effect of flow reactor configuration on cell hydrodynamics and dye removal efficiency. J Appl Electrochem 48, 1321–1330 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1257-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1257-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation