Abstract
A newly designed experimental apparatus has been used to measure the speed of sound u in high-purity water on nine isotherms between 274 and 394 K and at pressures up to 90 MPa. The measurement technique is based on a traditional double-reflector pulse-echo method with a single piezoceramic transducer placed at unequal distances from two stainless steel reflectors. The transit times of an acoustic pulse are measured at a high sampling rate by a digital oscilloscope. The distances between the transducer and the reflectors were obtained at ambient temperature and pressure by direct measurements with a coordinate measuring machine. The speeds of sound are subject to an overall estimated uncertainty of 0.05 %. The acoustic data were combined with available values of density ρ and isobaric heat capacity c p along one isobar at atmospheric pressure to calculate the same quantities over the whole temperature and pressure range by means of a numerical integration technique. These results were compared with those calculated from the IAPWS-95 formulation with corresponding relative deviations which are within 0.1%.
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Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
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Benedetto, G., Gavioso, R.M., Albo, P.A.G. et al. Speed of Sound in Pure Water at Temperatures between 274 and 394 K and at Pressures up to 90 MPa. Int J Thermophys 26, 1667–1680 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-005-8587-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-005-8587-2