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Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Toluene from Speed-of-Sound Measurements at Temperatures from 283.15 K to 473.15 K and at Pressures up to 390 MPa

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Abstract

We report the speeds of sound in liquid toluene (methylbenzene) measured using double-path pulse-echo apparatus independently at The University of Western Australia (UWA) and Imperial College London (ICL). The UWA data were measured at temperatures between (306 and 423) K and at pressures up to 65 MPa with standard uncertainties of between (0.02 and 0.04)%. At ICL, measurements were made at temperatures between (283.15 and 473.15) K and at pressures up to 390 MPa with standard uncertainty of 0.06%. By means of thermodynamic integration, the measured sound-speed data were combined with initial density and isobaric heat capacity values obtained from extrapolated experimental data to derive a comprehensive set of thermodynamic properties of liquid toluene over the full measurement range. Extensive uncertainty analysis was performed by studying the response of derived properties to constant and dynamic perturbations of the sound-speed surface, as well as the initial density and heat capacity values. The relative expanded uncertainties at 95% confidence of derived density, isobaric heat capacity, isobaric expansivity, isochoric heat capacity, isothermal compressibility, isentropic compressibility, thermal pressure coefficient and internal pressure were estimated to be (0.2, 2.2, 1.0, 2.6, 0.6, 0.2, 1.0 and 2.7)%, respectively. Due to their low uncertainty, these data and derived properties should be well suited for developing a new and improved fundamental Helmholtz equation of state for toluene.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Australian Research Council through DP190103538. The authors thank Jonathan Choong for assistance developing parts of the analysis code.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fluid Science & Resources Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Subash Dhakal, Saif Z. S. Al Ghafri, Darren Rowland, Sean P. Mullins, Eric F. May & Paul L. Stanwix

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Weparn J. Tay & J. P. Martin Trusler

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  1. Subash Dhakal
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Correspondence to J. P. Martin Trusler or Paul L. Stanwix.

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Dhakal, S., Tay, W.J., Al Ghafri, S.Z.S. et al. Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Toluene from Speed-of-Sound Measurements at Temperatures from 283.15 K to 473.15 K and at Pressures up to 390 MPa. Int J Thermophys 42, 169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02917-7

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