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Zooplankton taxonomic and functional structure is determined by macrophytes and fish predation in a Neotropical river

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Abstract

Habitat structure and predation are major factors that influence the distribution of zooplankton species and functional traits. Here, we analyzed how the structure provided by macrophytes (richness, Shannon’s diversity, and biomass) and potential predation by small-bodied fishes (richness and abundance) determine the richness of species and functional traits of zooplankton, as well as the spatial dissimilarity (beta-diversity) of species and traits. Zooplankton, fish, and macrophytes were simultaneously sampled across a gradient of 30 multi-species macrophyte beds. We assessed spatial patterns of zooplankton under taxonomic and functional approaches, using linear regression models, Generalized Dissimilarity Models, a Structural Equation Model, and a Fourth-Corner Analysis. Zooplankton taxonomic beta-diversity was most represented by the turnover component and zooplankton functional beta-diversity by nestedness. Zooplankton taxonomic richness and taxonomic beta-diversity were positively related to macrophyte biomass, richness, and Shannon’s diversity, whereas zooplankton functional richness and functional beta-diversity were positively related to fish richness and abundance. Macrophyte biomass and diversity oppositely influenced fish structure, which had influence on zooplankton structure. Macrophytes also negatively influenced the zooplankton traits such as body size, reproduction type, habitat, lifespan, and predatory escape response and positively influenced the trait feeding type. Fish were negatively related to the trait body size. The spatial structure generated by macrophyte beds and fish community determined the distribution of zooplankton species and functional traits.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Brazilian Council of Research (CNPq) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support and infrastructure for developing this study. S. Deosti, F. F. Bomfim, F. M. Lansac-Tôha, B. A. Quirino, C. C. Bonecker, and F. A. Lansac-Tôha acknowledge the Brazilian Council of Research (CNPq and CAPES) for providing grants.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Sabrina Deosti, Francieli de Fátima Bomfim, Fernando Miranda Lansac-Tôha, Bárbara Angélio Quirino, Claudia Costa Bonecker & Fábio Amodêo Lansac-Tôha

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  1. Sabrina Deosti
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Deosti, S., de Fátima Bomfim, F., Lansac-Tôha, F.M. et al. Zooplankton taxonomic and functional structure is determined by macrophytes and fish predation in a Neotropical river. Hydrobiologia 848, 1475–1490 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04527-8

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