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The STAR project: context, objectives and approaches

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Abstract

STAR is a European Commission Framework V project (EVK1-CT-2001-00089). The project aim is to provide practical advice and solutions with regard to many of the issues associated with the Water Framework Directive. This paper provides a context for the STAR research programme through a review of the requirements of the directive and the Common Implementation Strategy responsible for guiding its implementation. The scientific and strategic objectives of STAR are set out in the form of a series of research questions and the reader is referred to the papers in this volume that address those objectives, which include: (a) Which methods or biological quality elements are best able to indicate certain stressors? (b) Which method can be used on which scale? (c) Which method is suited for early and late warnings? (d) How are different assessment methods affected by errors and uncertainty? (e) How can data from different assessment methods be intercalibrated? (f) How can the cost-effectiveness of field and laboratory protocols be optimised? (g) How can boundaries of the five classes of Ecological Status be best set? (h) What contribution can STAR make to the development of European standards? The methodological approaches adopted to meet these objectives are described. These include the selection of the 22 stream-types and 263 sites sampled in 11 countries, the sampling protocols used to sample and survey phytobenthos, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, fish and hydromorphology, the quality control and uncertainty analyses that were applied, including training, replicate sampling and audit of performance, the development of bespoke software and the project outputs. This paper provides the detailed background information to be referred to in conjunction with most of the other papers in this volume. These papers are divided into seven sections: (1) typology, (2) organism groups, (3) macrophytes and diatoms, (4) hydromorphology, (5) tools for assessing European streams with macroinvertebrates, (6) intercalibration and comparison and (7) errors and uncertainty. The principal findings of the papers in each section and their relevance to the Water Framework Directive are synthesised in short summary papers at the beginning of each section. Additional outputs, including all sampling and laboratory protocols and project deliverables, together with a range of freely downloadable software are available from the project website at www.eu_star.at.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Dorset, Winfrith Technology Centre, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, Dorset, DT2 8ZD, UK

    Mike Furse

  2. Institute of Hydrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45117, Essen, Germany

    Daniel Hering

  3. Institute for Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Max Emanuel Strasse 17, A-1180, Vienna, Austria

    Otto Moog

  4. Department of Ecology and Environment, Alterra, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6700, Wageningen, AA, The Netherlands

    Piet Verdonschot

  5. Department of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Richard K. Johnson

  6. Department of Zoology and Ecology, Masaryk University, Kotlárská, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Karel Brabec

  7. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Avenue, 190 13, Anavyssos, Greece

    Kostas Gritzalis

  8. CNR-Water Research Institute, Via della Mornera, 25 I-20047, Brugherio (Milano), Italy

    Andrea Buffagni

  9. Centre of Applied Ecology, University of Evora, Apartado 94, Lago dos Colegiais 2, 7002–554, Evora, Portugal

    Paulo Pinto

  10. Department of Freshwater Ecology, NERI, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsøvej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Nikolai Friberg

  11. South West Region, Manley House, Kestrel Way, Environment Agency, EX2 7LQ, Exeter, Devon, UK

    John Murray-Bligh

  12. Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky T.G. Masayka, Drevarska 12, 657 57, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jiri Kokes

  13. LABBIO, Unterbergstrasse 2, 39055, Laives, Italy

    Renate Alber

  14. Centre of Ecotoxicology, Biodiversity and Environmental Health, University of Metz, Campus Bridoux, Rue de Général, 57070, Metz, France

    Philippe Usseglio-Polatera

  15. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Lochmuehle 2, D-63599, Biebergemünd, Germany

    Peter Haase

  16. Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, LA22 0LP, Cumbria, UK

    Roger Sweeting

  17. Institute of Ecology and Nature Protection, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Łodź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łodź, Poland

    Barbara Bis

  18. Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Agricultural University of August Cieszkowski, ul. Piątkowska 94C, 61-691, Poznan, Poland

    Krzysztof Szoszkiewicz

  19. Lake Protection Laboratory, Instytut Ochrony Środowiska, Kolektorska 4, 01-692, Warsaw, Poland

    Hanna Soszka

  20. Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, 2169, Salaspils, Latvia

    Gunta Springe

  21. Institute of Zoology, Department of Hydrobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84206, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Ferdinand Sporka

  22. Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B-2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Il’ja Krno

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  1. Mike Furse
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  2. Daniel Hering
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  3. Otto Moog
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  16. Roger Sweeting
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  17. Barbara Bis
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  18. Krzysztof Szoszkiewicz
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  19. Hanna Soszka
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  20. Gunta Springe
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  21. Ferdinand Sporka
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  22. Il’ja Krno
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Correspondence to Mike Furse.

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Furse, M., Hering, D., Moog, O. et al. The STAR project: context, objectives and approaches. Hydrobiologia 566, 3–29 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0067-6

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