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Conservation and genetic characterisation of common bean landraces from Cilento region (southern Italy): high differentiation in spite of low genetic diversity

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Abstract

Since its introduction from Central-South America to Italy almost 500 years ago, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was largely cultivated across the peninsula in hundreds of different landraces. However, globalisation and technological modernisation of agricultural practices in the last decades promoted the cultivation of few varieties at the expense of traditional and local agro-ecotypes, which have been confined to local markets or have completely disappeared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation in 12 common bean landraces once largely cultivated in the Cilento region (Campania region, southern Italy), and now the object of a recovery program to save them from extinction. The analysis conducted using 13 nuclear microsatellite loci in 140 individuals revealed a high degree of homozygosity within each landrace and a strong genetic differentiation that was reflected in the success in assigning individuals to the source landrace. On the contrary, internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, analysed in one individual per landrace, were highly similar among common bean landraces but allowed the identification of a cowpea variety (Vigna unguiculata Walp.), a crop largely cultivated in the Old World before the arrival of common bean from Americas. In conclusion, our study highlighted that conservation of landraces is important not only for the cultural and socio-economic value that they have for local communities, but also because the time and conditions in which they have been selected have led to that genetic distinctiveness that is at the basis of many potential agronomical applications and dietary benefits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Mr. Luca Paino for his contribution to DNA extraction and the two anonymous reviewers for the useful suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript. This study was funded by the project “Risorse genetiche autoctone e agroecosistema: le cultivar dei fagioli della Campania meridionale” (Legge Regionale N.5 del 28/03/2002) to Paolo Caputo. Daniele De Luca was supported by a scholarship within the same project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy

    Daniele De Luca & Paolo Caputo

  2. Facoltà di Lettere, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37, 80135, Naples, Italy

    Paola Cennamo

  3. Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37, 80135, Naples, Italy

    Emanuele Del Guacchio

  4. Via Ischia 61, 84038, Sassano, Italy

    Riccardo Di Novella

Authors
  1. Daniele De Luca
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  2. Paola Cennamo
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  3. Emanuele Del Guacchio
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  4. Riccardo Di Novella
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  5. Paolo Caputo
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Correspondence to Daniele De Luca.

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De Luca, D., Cennamo, P., Del Guacchio, E. et al. Conservation and genetic characterisation of common bean landraces from Cilento region (southern Italy): high differentiation in spite of low genetic diversity. Genetica 146, 29–44 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-9994-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-9994-6

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