Abstract
Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers were used to assess genetic variability among 38 germplasm accessions and 10 commercial hybrids of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), an economically important leafy vegetable crop in many countries. Germplasm accessions with different geographic origins and 10 commercial hybrids were examined. For assessing genetic diversity within accessions, DNA was extracted from 12 individual seedlings from six germplasm accessions and two hybrids. A relatively high level of polymorphism was found within accessions based on 59 polymorphic TRAP markers generated from one fixed primer derived from the Arabidopsis-like telomere repeat sequence and two arbitrary primers. For evaluating interaccession variability, DNA was extracted from a bulk of six to 13 seedlings of each accession. Of the 492 fragments amplified by 12 primer combinations, 96 (19.5%) were polymorphic and discriminated the 48 accessions from each other. The average pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient (Dice) was 57.5% with a range from 23.2 to 85.3%. A dendrogram indicated that the genetic relationships among the accessions were not highly associated with the geographic locations in which the germplasms were collected. The seven commercial hybrids were grouped in three separate clusters, suggesting that the phenotype-based breeding activities tended to reduce the genetic variability. This preliminary study demonstrated that TRAP markers are effective for fingerprinting and evaluating genetic variability among spinach germplasms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adriance GW, Brison FR (1955) Inflorescences, flowers, fruits, and seed. In: Adriance GW, Brison FR (eds) Propagation of horticultural plants. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., NY Toronto London, pp 26–45
Alwala S, Suman AJ, Arro A, Veremis JC, Kimbeng CA (2006) Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) for assessing genetic diversity in sugarcane germplasm collections. Crop Sci 46:448–455
Dice LR (1945) Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26:297–302
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2005) FAOSTAT data. http://www.faostat.fao.org/faostat/. Accessed March 31, 2006
Hu J (2006) Defining the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) linkage group ends with the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence repeat-derived markers. Chromosome Res 14:535–548
Hu J, Vick BA (2003) Target region amplification polymorphism: a novel marker technique for plant genotyping. Plant Mol Biol Reptr 21:289–294
Hu J, Ochoa OE, Truco MJ, Vick BA (2005) Application of the TRAP technique to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotyping. Euphytica 144:225–235
Janick J, Stevenson EC (1954) Genetics of the monoecious character in spinach. Genetics 40:429–437
Le Strange M, Koike S, Valencia J, Chaney W (2003) Spinach production in California. Publication 7212. Vegetable Research and Information Center, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis. http://www.anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/7212.pdf. Accessed March 21, 2006
Lucier G, Plummer C (2004) Vegetable consumption expected to rise in 2004. Vegetables and melons outlook, Electronic Outlook Report from the Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture VGS-302 April 21, 2004. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/vgs/Apr04/vgs302.pdf. Accessed March 25, 2006
Nei M, Li WH (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5269–5273
Pandey SC, Kalloo G (1993) Spinach. In: Kalloo G, Bergh BO (eds) Genetic improvement of vegetable crops. Pergamon Press, Oxford New York, pp 325–338
Rohlf FJ (2002) NTSYSpc: numerical taxonomy system, version 2.1. Exeter Publishing, Ltd., Setauket NY
Rozen S, Skaletsky HJ (2000) Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In: Krawetz S, Misener S (eds) Bioinformatics methods and protocols: methods in molecular biology. Humana Press, Totowa NJ, pp 365–386
Ryder EJ (1979) Leafy salad vegetables. Avi Publishing Company, Inc., Westport CT
Thomas JM (2005) Crop profile for spinach seed in Washington. http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/waspinachseed.html. Accessed March 21, 2006
Zhang J, Lu Y, Yu S (2005) Cleaved AFLP (cAFLP), a modified amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for cotton. Theor Appl Genet 111:1385–1395
Acknowledgements
The authors thank David Brenner for providing the germplasm accessions for this study and Angelia Hogness and Chia-Hao Chang for their technical assistance. We also thank Larry Campbell and Larry Charlet for their comments to an earlier version of this report. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 5442-21000-027-00D and USDA-ARS CRIS 5305-21000-011-00.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, J., Mou, B. & Vick, B.A. Genetic diversity of 38 spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) germplasm accessions and 10 commercial hybrids assessed by TRAP markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54, 1667–1674 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9175-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9175-4