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Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential

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Abstract

The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18–40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 1H–NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). These results suggest that this CS may be involved in FGF-signal pathway, mediating tissue repair, regeneration and wound healing. The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing.

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Abbreviations

Ac:

acetyl

AMAC:

2-aminoacridone

CS:

chondroitin sulfate

ΔUA:

4-deoxy-β-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid

DMMB:

1,9-dimethylmethylene blue

ESI:

electrospray ionization;

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

GAG:

glycosaminoglycan

GalN:

galactosamine

GlcA:

glucuronic acid

GlcN:

glucosamine

GPC:

gel permeation chromatography

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

HS:

heparan sulfate

IdoA:

iduronic acid

KS:

keratan sulfate

MS:

mass spectrometry

MWCO:

molecular weight cut-off

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

RU:

resonance units

S:

sulfo

SEC:

size exclusion chromatography

SPR:

surface plasmon resonance

USP:

United States Pharmacopeia

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL125371, GM38060, HL096972, HL062244 and HL136271.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

    Yongxi Pan, Yanlei Yu, Xing Zhang, Lei Lin & Robert J. Linhardt

  2. Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Peipei Wang

  3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

    Fuming Zhang & Robert J. Linhardt

  4. Departments of Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

    Robert J. Linhardt

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  1. Yongxi Pan
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  4. Yanlei Yu
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Correspondence to Peipei Wang, Fuming Zhang or Robert J. Linhardt.

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Pan, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, F. et al. Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. Glycoconj J 35, 87–94 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-017-9804-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-017-9804-5

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