Abstract
Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40 % serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm’s length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.
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Abbreviations
- MUC :
-
Mucin
- VNTR:
-
Variable number of tandem repeats
- PMP:
-
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- CRC:
-
Colorectal cancer
- DFS:
-
Disease free survival
- OMT:
-
Ovarian mucinous tumours
- HER2:
-
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- TNBC:
-
Triple negative breast cancer
- CA125:
-
Cancer antigen 125
- MS:
-
Minisatellite
- CaP:
-
Prostate cancer
- pfu:
-
Plaque-forming units
- PMP:
-
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- PDA:
-
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PC:
-
Pancreatic cancer
- PDA:
-
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- IPMN:
-
Intraductal papillary–mucinous neoplasm
- PanIN:
-
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix components
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- IDC:
-
Invasive ductal carcinoma
- MCN:
-
Mucinous cystic neoplasm
- IPMT:
-
Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumour
- CagA:
-
Cytotoxin-associated gene A
- H. Pylori:
-
Helicobacter pylori
- SCLC:
-
Small-cell lung carcinoma
- NSCLC:
-
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
- SRCC:
-
Signet-ring cell carcinoma
- IPF:
-
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- SSc:
-
Systemic sclerosis
- ILD:
-
Interstitial lung disease
- CF:
-
Cystic fibrosis
- CFTR:
-
CF transmembrane conductance regulator
- DPB:
-
Diffuse panbronchiolitis
- HSCR:
-
Hirschsprung disease
- CP:
-
Cap polyposis
- RCC:
-
Renal cell carcinoma
- MCKD1:
-
Medullary cystic kidney disease1
- ESRD:
-
End-stage renal disease
- GBC:
-
Gallbladder cancer
- MUPCDH:
-
Mucin and cadherin-like protein
- TRs:
-
Tandem repeats
- HMEECs:
-
Human middle ear epithelial cell lines
- RA:
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
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Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the financial assistance from the extramural research grant of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Second Phase of Biomedical Informatics Centres of ICMR Grant Number: BIC/12(19)/2013. The Authors acknowledge Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, for granting inspire fellowship to Mr. Ardhendu Bhusan Praharaj. The authors also acknowledge Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar for providing infrastructure facilities to carry out this work.
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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Behera, S.K., Praharaj, A.B., Dehury, B. et al. Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases. Glycoconj J 32, 575–613 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6