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Managerial sustainability indices for improving the coastal groundwater decisions by a parallel simulation–optimization model

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Abstract

Seawater intrusion is one of the causes of groundwater quality degradation in coastal zones. This phenomenon is intensified by overexploitation of coastal aquifers. In this paper, optimal management strategies have been determined to prevent the advance of seawater using a parallel simulation–optimization decision model. This model has been applied to a real case study of Ajabshir aquifer located in Urmia Lake basin, Iran, for a 20-year planning horizon (2015–2034). Four categorizes of new sustainability indices (indices of protection, reliability, vulnerability, and aquifer area with a groundwater problem) as the objective functions have been examined for the first time. The developed management problems based on these four categories have been solved under two different conditions of groundwater elevation and salinity concentration. The results of 20-year period simulations indicate that by changing the extraction pattern in different regions of the aquifer (as the decision variables) based on the solution of management problems, the largest decrease in net recharge (0.065 million cubic meters) occurs in the second half of the hydrologic year (October to March) compared to the continued condition in which all factors are similar to 2014. The contribution of using indices in this study can help the local water managers to identify the high-risk areas for better planning and other coastal settings.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the supports from Iran Water Resources Management Company and Regional Water Companies of East and West Azerbaijan in supplying the required data for the real-case study described in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Mostafaei-Avandari, Hamed Ketabchi & Fatemeh Shaker-Soureh

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  1. Mohammad Mostafaei-Avandari
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  2. Hamed Ketabchi
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  3. Fatemeh Shaker-Soureh
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Mohammad Mostafaei-Avandari, Hamed Ketabchi, and Fatemeh Shaker-Soureh. The first draft of the paper was written by Mohammad Mostafaei-Avandari and all authors completed the previous versions of the paper. All authors read and approved the final paper.

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Correspondence to Hamed Ketabchi.

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Mostafaei-Avandari, M., Ketabchi, H. & Shaker-Soureh, F. Managerial sustainability indices for improving the coastal groundwater decisions by a parallel simulation–optimization model. Environ Monit Assess 195, 100 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10712-6

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