Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change analysis of the construction site and its surroundings of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant project in southern Turkey was undertaken in this case study, which was supported by remotely sensed Landsat 8 image composites. The composite images compiled in 2017 and 2021 were prepared on the Google Earth Engine platform. The Random Forest algorithm was used as the classifier model. A high classification performance was obtained for both images (kappa > 0.88, overall accuracy > 90%). After the classification process, LULC maps for both years were generated, and statistical calculations for the LULC change were computed for both the entire study area (15 × 25 km) and a buffer zone with a radius of 1 km around the power plant. In the whole study area, artificial surfaces significantly increased (78.46%), whereas forests (− 8.31%) and barren lands experienced a considerable decrease (− 6.11%). In the 1 km buffer, artificial surfaces predominantly increased (113.94%), while forests and barren lands decreased dramatically (− 69.13% and − 74.28%, respectively). The agricultural areas in the study area were changed into other LULC classes: 9.1% to artificial surfaces, 27.6% to barren lands, and 21.7% to forest. The rise in the area of artificial surfaces was especially noticeable within the 1 km buffer zone: construction activities converted 36.1% of agricultural fields, 54.1% of forests, and 23.2% of barren lands into artificial surfaces. The filling activities on the seashore resulted in a loss of water bodies of up to 26.5%. The study provides an overview of how the LULC classes have evolved on the construction site and in the region. In the end, the study discusses how the current land use preferences in the region contradict the issues and concerns mentioned in the existing body of literature.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the handling editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive contributions and the time they have spent on this article. We are thankful to the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) and Google Earth Engine development teams for providing valuable millions of open-access datasets for research. We would like to thank Dr. Luca Congedo for developing the Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Murat Yakar for setting up the Department of Remote Sensing and GIS at Mersin University from ground zero, and give the authors the opportunity of co-operating.
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Iban, M.C., Sahin, E. Monitoring land use and land cover change near a nuclear power plant construction site: Akkuyu case, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 194, 724 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10437-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10437-6