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Exploration of Cd transformations in Cd spiked and EDTA-chelated soil for phytoextraction by Brassica species

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Abstract

The study of soil cadmium (Cd) fractionation has become the need of the hour due to phytoextraction of Cd heavy metal by indigenous Brassica species of northwest India. The present study was conducted to explore the Cd speciation in soils treated with Cd (0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg kg−1 soil) and synthetic chelate ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-0, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg−1 soil) planted under three Brassica species (Brassica juncea L., Brassica campestris L., and Brassica napus L). The studied Cd fractions viz. exchangeable and water-soluble (EX + WS), carbonate (CARB), organic matter (OM), Mn oxide (MnOX), amorphous Fe oxide (AFeOX), crystalline Fe oxide (CFeOX), and residual (RES) differed in their Cd content in soils under three investigated Brassica species. Among all plantations, B. juncea reduced the highest soil Cd content of EX + WS form which reflected its bioavailability. The Cd supplementation significantly enhanced the Cd concentration in all Cd forms with EX + WS Cd form exhibiting higher increase even at low Cd level (5.0 mg kg−1), whereas the EDTA addition did not influence Cd fractions. The application of EDTA @ 1.0 g kg−1 soil proved beneficial as it enhanced the metal mobility for plant extraction. All species positively significantly correlated (r = 0.648** to 0.747**) with all Cd fractions but except B. juncea all confronted reduction in their total biomass. In nutshell, it suggested that Brassica species having large plant biomass could be considered as a potential candidate for phytoremediation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thanks the Director of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

    Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal, Vivek Sharma, Parminder Kaur Taneja, Lovedeep Kaur, Vibha Verma, Manmeet Kaur & Janpriya Kaur

  2. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India

    Arvind Kumar Shukla

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  1. Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal
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  2. Vivek Sharma
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  3. Arvind Kumar Shukla
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  4. Parminder Kaur Taneja
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  5. Lovedeep Kaur
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  6. Vibha Verma
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  7. Manmeet Kaur
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  8. Janpriya Kaur
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Contributions

Concept of the research work was designed by SSD, VS and AKS. The research work was performed by PKT, LK and JK. The formal analysis was carried out by VS and PKT. The writing—original draft preparation was accrued out by LK, VV, MK and JK. The final review and editing was done by SSD, LK.

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Correspondence to Vivek Sharma.

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Dhaliwal, S.S., Sharma, V., Shukla, A.K. et al. Exploration of Cd transformations in Cd spiked and EDTA-chelated soil for phytoextraction by Brassica species. Environ Geochem Health 45, 8897–8909 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01260-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01260-6

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