Abstract
One of the foremost issues for the current society is heavy metal pollution which is caused owing to recent extraordinary urbanization and industrialization. The impact of metal contamination on the agricultural fields/soils results in contamination of food sources and reaching the human food chain. The heavy metals (HM) and metalloids consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb and other metals have enormous toxic impacts. The cropping intensity was increased, and more area was brought under agriculture, and also the advancement within the farming practice with recent technologies such as application of fertilizers has led the agricultural field into a polluted area by heavy metals. The rate of metals or metalloid concentrations within the agricultural soil is rising rapidly, and it affects plant growth, food safety and soil micro flora. Heavy metals depend on green plants for their biologic and geological rehabilitation. Heavy metals, toxic to the environment, can directly affect an integral part of the plants and modify their biochemical, metabolic and physiological processes. However, some of the heavy metals such as Cu, Mn, Co, Zn and Cr are important for the completion of metabolic activities, but in trace quantities. The present review aims at drawing a possible route map resulting in further research possibilities within the domain of heavy metal pollution by documenting the research works related to this area along with the management strategies.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the first and corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors thank the respective head of their organizations for the unconditional support during the preparation of the manuscript. All the authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the quality of the manuscript.
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Manickam Jayakumar: methodology and writing—original draft preparation.
Udayarpillai Surendran: methodology and formal analysis and investigation.
Pushpanathan Raja: conceptualization, methodology and supervision.
Amit Kumar: writing—review and editing.
Venkatramanan Senapathi: formal analysis and investigation and editing.
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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management.
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Jayakumar, M., Surendran, U., Raja, P. et al. A review of heavy metals accumulation pathways, sources and management in soils. Arab J Geosci 14, 2156 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08543-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08543-9