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Alkali treatment of birch kraft pulp to enhance its TEMPO catalyzed oxidation with hypochlorite

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Abstract

Alkali treatment was used to increase the reactivity of birch kraft pulp prior to its 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) catalyzed oxidation with hypochlorite, which is a process commonly applied to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose. On contrary to the traditional use of NaBr as a cocatalyst, TEMPO was activated with HOCl prior to the oxidation. Commonly, the lack of bromide increases the oxidation time and impairs the formation of carboxylic groups. However, the reaction time of the bromide-free TEMPO catalyzed oxidation could be shortened from 2.5 to 0.5 h when the pulp was treated with 1 M NaOH prior to the oxidation (2.4 mmol NaOCl/g pulp). The beneficial effect was obtained even if the alkali treatment was executed at room temperature and only for few minutes. Moreover, the alkali pretreatment enabled selective production of a pulp with carboxylate content as high as 1.6 mmol/g with NaOCl dosage of 4.4 mmol/g. The changes in the cellulosic raw material during the alkali treatment were assessed by water retention value and carbohydrate analysis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by UPM Nanocenter and TEKES as a part of Nanocellulose IV project. We thank Mrs Mirja Reinikainen and Ms Kristel Kosk for excellent laboratory work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Raili Pönni, Timo Pääkkönen & Tapani Vuorinen

  2. UPM, Tekniikantie 2 C, 02150, Espoo, Finland

    Markus Nuopponen

  3. VTT, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland

    Jaakko Pere

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  1. Raili Pönni
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  2. Timo Pääkkönen
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Correspondence to Raili Pönni.

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Pönni, R., Pääkkönen, T., Nuopponen, M. et al. Alkali treatment of birch kraft pulp to enhance its TEMPO catalyzed oxidation with hypochlorite. Cellulose 21, 2859–2869 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0278-3

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