Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

FT Raman investigation of sodium cellulose sulfate

  • Published:
Cellulose Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

FT Raman investigation of sodium cellulose sulfates (NaCS) was reported. Different NaCS were prepared by two diverse sulfation methods and their total degrees of substitution (DS) of sulfate groups were determined through either 13C-NMR spectroscopy or elemental analysis. Subsequently, these NaCS were characterized with FT Raman spectroscopy. The caused bands through the introduction of the sulfate groups in cellulose chain were explained and assigned. Additionally, a strong linear correlation between the areas under the bands ascribed to the stretching vibrations of C–O–S groups and the total DS of NaCS was presented. A rapid method of quantifying the total DS of NaCS was established. Finally, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), a salt that is very often produced during the sulfation of cellulose, was found to be analyzable even with a weight content of 0.12% in NaCS. The method of quantifying the content of this salt in NaCS was investigated with Raman spectroscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atalla RH (1976) Raman spectral studies of polymorphy in cellulose Part I: Celluloses I and II. App Polym Symp 28:659–669

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atalla RH (1989) Patterns in aggregation in native celluloses: implication of recent spectroscopic studies. In: Kennedy JF, Phillips GO, Williams PA (eds) Cellulose. Ellis Horwood, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Atalla RH, Whitmore RE, Heimbach CJ (1980) Raman spectral evidence for molecular orientation in native cellulosic fibers. Macromolecules 13:1717–1719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabassi F, Casu B, Perlin AS (1978) Infrared absorption and Raman scattering of sulfate groups of heparin and related glycosaminglycans in aqueous solution. Carbohyd Res 63:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaidedgumjorn A, Toyoda H, Woo ER, Lee KB, Kim YS, Toida T, Imanari T (2002) Effect of (1 → 3)- and (1 → 4)-linkages of fully sulfated polysacchrides on their anticoagulant activity. Carbohyd Res 337:925–933

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colberg CA (2001) Experimente an levitierten H2SO4/NH3/H2O-Aerosolteilchen: Atmosphärische relevanz von letovizit. dissertation (ETH No. 14331), Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH) Zuerich

  • Deus C, Friebolin H, Siefert E (1991) Partiell acetylierte cellulose–synthese und bestimmung der substituentenverteilung mit Hilfe der 1H NMR-Spektroscopie. Makromol Chem 192:75–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eronen P, Österberg M, Jääskeläinen A-S (2009) Effect of alkaline treatment on cellulose supramolecular structure studied with combined confocal Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Cellulose 16:167–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer S, Schenzel K, Fischer K, Diepenbrock W (2005) Applications of FT Raman spectroscopy and micro spectroscopy characterizing cellulose and cellulosic biomaterials. Macromol Symp 223:41–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant D, Long WF, Moffat CF, Williamson FB (1991) Infrared spectroscopy of heparins suggests that the region 750–950 cm−1 is sensitive to changes in iduronate residue ring conformation. Biochem J 275:193–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hettrich K, Wagenknecht W, Volkert B, Fischer S (2008) New possibilities of the acetosulfation of cellulose. Macromol Symp 262:162–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemm D, Heinze T, Philipp B, Wagenknecht W (1997) New approaches to advanced polymers by selective cellulose functionalization. Acta Polymerica 48:277–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liebert T, Klemm D, Heinze T (1996) Synthesis and carboxymethylation of organo-soluble trifluoracetates and formates of cellulose. JMS-Pure Appl Chem A 33(5):613–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nehls I, Wagenknecht W, Phillip B, Stscherbina D (1994) Characterization of cellulose and cellulose derivatives in solution by HR 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Prog Polym Sci 19:29–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenzel K, Fischer S (2001) NIR FT Raman spectroscopy––a rapid analytical tool for detecting the transformation of cellulose polymorphs. Cellulose 8:49–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenzel K, Fischer S, Brendler E (2005) New method for determining the degree of cellulose I crystallinity by means of FT Raman spectroscopy. Cellulose 12:223–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Socrates G (2001) Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies, 3rd edn. Wiley, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZM, Li L, Zheng BS, Normakhamatov N, Guo SY (2007) Preparation and anticoagulation activity of sodium cellulose sulfate. Int J Biol Macromol 41:376–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiley JH, Atalla RH (1987) Raman spectra of celluloses. ACS Symp Ser 340:151–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuen S-N, Choi S-M, Phillips DL, Ma C-Y (2009) Raman and FTIR spectroscopic study of carboxymethylated non-starch polysacchrides. Food Chem 114:1091–1098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The work is financially supported by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany). The authors wish to thank Dr. Kathrin Gebauer from institute of power engineering (Dresden University of Technology, Germany) for the elemental analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Wood and Plant Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Strasse 19, 01737, Tharandt, Germany

    Kai Zhang & Steffen Fischer

  2. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, Germany

    Erica Brendler

Authors
  1. Kai Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erica Brendler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steffen Fischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steffen Fischer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, K., Brendler, E. & Fischer, S. FT Raman investigation of sodium cellulose sulfate. Cellulose 17, 427–435 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9375-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9375-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation