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BvPRR7 is a cold responsive gene with a clock function in beet

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

The life cycle of flowering plants is partially defined by environmental cues like day length and temperature. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and temperate cereals, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum spp.), differences in life cycle control have been associated with a natural variation in FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and VERNALIZATION 1-3 (VRN1-3). In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), variation in vernalization requirement and life cycle is determined by a major gene at the B locus. This gene has recently been identified as a pseudo-response regulator (PRR) gene BOLTING TIME CONTROL 1 (BTC1). A second gene in beet with homology to BTC1 and ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (APRR7) in Arabidopsis was identified and termed Beta vulgaris PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (BvPRR7). We functionally characterized BvPRR7 by transgenic analysis in Arabidopsis and expression profiling during development in beet. We show that BvPRR7 was diurnally regulated and responded to cold. Constitutive expression of BvPRR7 distorted diurnal rhythms and caused late flowering in Arabidopsis suggesting a conserved function of BvPRR7 in clock regulation. Conceivably, the retention of a functional role of BvPRR7 in clock regulation may have facilitated the evolution of a distinct role as major floral regulator of the second PRR7 homolog in beet, BTC1.

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Abbreviations

Col-0:

ecotype Columbia

Mbp:

mega base pairs

PLACE:

plant cis-acting regulatory DNA elements

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

RT-qPCR:

real time quantitative PCR

RLN:

rosette leaf number

T1:

transgenic plant of the first generation

T2:

transgenic plant of the second generation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany

    O. Omolade, C. Jung & S. Melzer

  2. Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, D-38387, Söllingen, Germany

    A. E. Müller

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  1. O. Omolade
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  2. A. E. Müller
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  3. C. Jung
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  4. S. Melzer
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Correspondence to S. Melzer.

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Acknowledgements: The project was funded by the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS), Plön, Germany. We thank Bettina Rohardt for technical assistance in the laboratory and Monika Bruisch for assistance in the greenhouse. Nadine Dally is acknowledged for critical discussions of results and Martina Blümel for careful revision of the manuscript. We thank also Dilan S.R. Patiranage and Shrikant Sharma for help with the figures.

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Omolade, O., Müller, A.E., Jung, C. et al. BvPRR7 is a cold responsive gene with a clock function in beet. Biol Plant 60, 95–104 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0568-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0568-0

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