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Differences in Al tolerance between Plantago algarbiensis and P. almogravensis reflect their ability to respond to oxidative stress

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Abstract

We evaluated the impact of low pH and aluminum (Al) on the leaves and roots of Plantago almogravensis Franco and Plantago algarbiensis Samp., focusing on energy partitioning in photosystem II, H2O2 levels, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL), protein oxidation, total soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities. In both species, Al triggered more changes in oxidative metabolism than low pH alone, particularly in the roots. We found that Al increased the levels of H2O2 in P. algarbiensis roots, but reduced the levels of H2O2 in P. almogravensis leaves and roots. Neither low pH nor Al affected the spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll fluorescence, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the actual quantum efficiency of PSII (ϕPSII) or the quantum yields of regulated (ϕNPQ) and nonregulated (ϕNO) energy dissipation, and there was no significant change in total soluble protein content and EL. In P. algarbiensis, Al increased the carbonyl content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the roots, and also CAT, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in the leaves. In P. almogravensis, Al reduced the level of malondialdehyde in the roots as well as SOD activity in the leaves and roots. We found that P. almogravensis plantlets could manage the oxidative stress caused by low pH and Al, whereas the P. algarbiensis antioxidant system was unable to suppress Al toxicity completely, leading to the accumulation of H2O2 and consequential protein oxidation in the roots.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

Fv/Fm :

Maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII

FW:

Fresh weight

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

PSII:

Photosystem II

PVPP:

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

ϕNPQ :

Quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation

ϕNO :

Quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation

ϕPSII :

Actual quantum efficiency of PSII

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Acknowledgments

N. Martins, M.L. Osório and S. Gonçalves acknowledge grants from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT, SFRH/BD/48379/2008, SFRH/BPD/35410/2007 and SFRH/BPD/31534/2006, respectively). This work was supported by the FCT project PTDC/AGR-AAM/102664/2008.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBB/CGB, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Neusa Martins, Maria Leonor Osório, Sandra Gonçalves & Anabela Romano

  2. ICAAM (Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environment Sciences), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Júlio Osório

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  1. Neusa Martins
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  2. Maria Leonor Osório
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Correspondence to Anabela Romano.

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Martins, N., Osório, M.L., Gonçalves, S. et al. Differences in Al tolerance between Plantago algarbiensis and P. almogravensis reflect their ability to respond to oxidative stress. Biometals 26, 427–437 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-013-9625-3

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