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Cadmium and transport of ions and substances across cell membranes and epithelia

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Abstract

Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd2+) pose serious risks to human health. However, even though the importance of Cd2+ as environmental health hazards is now widely appreciated, the specific mechanisms by which it produces its adverse effects have yet to be fully elucidated. Cd2+ is known to enter cells, it binds and interacts with a multitude of molecules, it may indirectly induce oxidative stress and interfere with gene expression and repair of DNA. It also interacts with transport across cell membranes and epithelia and may therefore disturb the cell’s homeostasis and function. Interaction with epithelial transport, especially in the kidney and the liver, may have serious consequences in general health. A lot of research still needs to be done to understand the exact way in which Cd2+ interferes with these transport phenomena. It is not always clear whether Cd2+ has primary or secondary effects on cell membrane transport. In the present review we try to summarize the work that has been done up to now and to critically discuss the relevance of the experimental work in vitro with respect to the in vivo situation.

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Abbreviations

BLMV:

Basolateral membrane vesicles

BBMV:

Brushborder membrane vesicles

sc:

Subcutaneous

iv:

Intravenous

ip:

Intra-peritoneal

TEA:

Tetraethylammonium

PAH:

p-aminohippurate

FL-MTX:

Fluorescein, methotrexate, fluorescent model substrate for Mrp2

i/o:

Inside/out

CdAc2:

Cadmium acetate

ECaC:

Epithelial Ca2+channel

NCX:

Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

Pi:

Inorganic phosphate

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  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, B3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium

    Emmy Van Kerkhove, Valérie Pennemans & Quirine Swennen

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  1. Emmy Van Kerkhove
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  2. Valérie Pennemans
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  3. Quirine Swennen
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Correspondence to Emmy Van Kerkhove.

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Van Kerkhove, E., Pennemans, V. & Swennen, Q. Cadmium and transport of ions and substances across cell membranes and epithelia. Biometals 23, 823–855 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9357-6

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