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Long-term legacies and partial recovery of mycorrhizal communities after invasive plant removal

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Abstract

Invasive plants can have strong impacts on native communities, which have prompted intense efforts at invasive removal. However, relatively little is known about how native communities will reassemble after a dominant invader has been removed from the system. Legacy effects of invasive plants on soil microbial communities may alter native plant community reassembly long after the invader is gone. Here we found that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities have shown some recovery in experimental plots following 6 years of removal of the invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, a species known to degrade AMF communities) in terms of taxonomic richness and community composition. However, despite this recovery, the density of A. petiolata at the beginning of the experiment (in 2004) still correlated with lower AMF richness and altered community composition after 6 years of annual weeding, suggesting long-term legacies of dense A. petiolata infestations. Because native plant and mycorrhizal fungal communities may show interdependence, reassembly of one community may be limited by the reassembly of the other. Restoration may be more effective if practices address both communities simultaneously.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Rachel Nodurft for assistance with the molecular characterization of AMF communities, and the ParkLands Foundation for allowing us to conduct this study on the Merwin Preserve. This work was funded by NSF DEB Grant 0918450 to RAL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA

    Richard A. Lankau

  2. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Jonathan T. Bauer

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA

    Jonathan T. Bauer, M. Rebecca Anderson & Roger C. Anderson

Authors
  1. Richard A. Lankau
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  2. Jonathan T. Bauer
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  3. M. Rebecca Anderson
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  4. Roger C. Anderson
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Correspondence to Richard A. Lankau.

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Lankau, R.A., Bauer, J.T., Anderson, M.R. et al. Long-term legacies and partial recovery of mycorrhizal communities after invasive plant removal. Biol Invasions 16, 1979–1990 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0642-0

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