Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by the accumulation of damaged molecules in cells due to the injury produced by external and internal stressors. Among them, reactive oxygen species produced by cell metabolism, inflammation or other enzymatic processes are considered key factors. However, later research has demonstrated that a general mitochondrial dysfunction affecting electron transport chain activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, apoptosis, etc., seems to be in a central position to explain ageing. This key role is based on several effects from mitochondrial-derived ROS production to the essential maintenance of balanced metabolic activities in old organisms. Several studies have demonstrated caloric restriction, exercise or bioactive compounds mainly found in plants, are able to affect the activity and turnover of mitochondria by increasing biogenesis and mitophagy, especially in postmitotic tissues. Then, it seems that mitochondria are in the centre of metabolic procedures to be modified to lengthen life- or health-span. In this review we show the importance of mitochondria to explain the ageing process in different models or organisms (e.g. yeast, worm, fruitfly and mice). We discuss if the cause of aging is dependent on mitochondrial dysfunction of if the mitochondrial changes observed with age are a consequence of events taking place outside the mitochondrial compartment.
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Acknowledgements
The research group is financed by the Andalusian Government as the BIO177 group through FEDER funds (European Commission). Research has been financed by the Spanish Government Grant DEP2012-39985 (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness). Authors are also members of the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III.
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López-Lluch, G., Santos-Ocaña, C., Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. et al. Mitochondrial responsibility in ageing process: innocent, suspect or guilty. Biogerontology 16, 599–620 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-015-9585-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-015-9585-9