Abstract
The paper presents an overview of the progress in research regarding seismic response of plan and vertically irregular building structures. Three areas of research are surveyed. The first is the study of the effects of plan-irregularity by means of single-storey and multi-storey building models. The second area encompasses passive control as a strategy to mitigate torsional effects, by means of base isolation and other types of devices. Lastly, the third area concerns vertically irregular structures and setback buildings. Although fewer papers have been published in this last area with respect to the former ones, this state-of-the-art reports extensively on research efforts and progress into the seismic behaviour of irregular buildings in elevation to show the growing interest among specialists in the field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alba F, Ayala AG, Bento R (2005) Seismic performance evaluation of plane frames regular and irregular in elevation. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Almazan JL and De la Llera JC (2003). Accidental torsion due to overturning in nominally symmetric structure isolated with FPS. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 919–948
Antoniou S and Pinho R (2004). Development and verification of a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure. J Earthquake Eng 8(5): 643–661
Athanassiadou C, Bervanakis S (2005) Seismic behaviour of R/C buildings with setbacks designed to EC8. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Ayala AG, Perez R (2005) Performance based seismic design of asymmetric buildings. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Aziminejad A, Moghadam AS (2005) Performance of asymmetric single story buildings based on different configuration of center of mass, rigidity and resistance. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Bosco M, Ghersi A, Marino E, Rossi PP (2002) Effects of in elevation irregularity on the elastic seismic response of in-plan asymmetric buildings. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Castillo R, Paulay T, Carr AG (2002) Design concepts for ductile single mass asymmetric systems. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Chintanapakdee C, Chopra AK (2004) Evaluation of modal pushover analysis using vertically irregular frames. In: Proceedings of the 13th World conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. Vancouver, August 2004
Chopra AK and Goel GK (2002). A modal push over analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31: 561–582
Chopra AK and Goel GK (2004). A modal push over analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33: 903–927
Das S and Nau M (2003). Seismic design aspects of vertically irregular reinforced concrete buildings. Earthq Spectra 19: 455–477
De-la-Colina J (2003). Assessment of design recommendations for torsionally unbalanced multistorey buildings. Earthq Spectra 19: 47–66
De Llera JC and Almazan JL (2003). An experimental study of nominally symmetric and asymmetric structures isolate with the FPS. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 891–918
De Llera JC, Almazan JL and Vial IJ (2005). Torsional balance of plan asymmetric structures with frictional dampers: analytical results. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34: 1089–1108
De Stefano M, Pintucchi B (2002) A model for analyzing inelastic seismic response of plan-irregular building structures. In: Proceedings of the 15th ASCE engineering mechanics conference, CD ROM. New York, June 2002
De Stefano M, Marino EM, Viti S (2005) Evaluation of second order effects on the seismic response of vertically irregular RC framed structures. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
De Stefano M, Marino EM and Rossi PP (2006). Effect of overstrength on the seismic behaviour of multi-storey regularly asymmetric buildings. Bull Earthquake Eng 4(1): 23–42
Duan XN and Chandler AM (1995). Seismic torsional response and design procedures for a class of setback frame buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 24: 761–777
Dutta SC and Das PK (2002a). Inelastic seismic response of code-designed reinforced concrete asymmetric buildings with strength degradation. Eng Struct 24: 1295–1314
Dutta SC and Das PK (2002b). Validity and applicability of two simple hysteresis models to assess progressive seismic damage in R/C asymmetric buildings. J Sound Vibrat 257: 753–777
Fajfar P, Magliulo G, Marušić D, Peruš I (2002) Simplified non-linear analysis of asymmetric buildings. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Fajfar P, Marušić D, Perus I (2005) The extension of the N2 method to asymmetric buildings. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2002
Fernandez Davila VI and Cruz EF (2006). Parametric study of the non-linear seismic response of three-dimensional building models. Eng Struct 28: 756–770
Fragiadakis M, Vamvatsikos D, Papadrakakis M (2005) Evaluation of the influence of vertical stiffness irregularities on the seismic response of a 9-story steel frame. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Ghersi A, Marino E, Rossi PP (2002) Analytical and numerical determination of the exact location of the optimum torsion axis. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Ghobarah A, Aziz TS, Mohammed HH (2005) Response of mass eccentric torsionally coupled primary–secondary system. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Goel RK (1998). Effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric-plan systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 27: 125–141
Goel RK (2000). Seismic behaviour of asymmetric buildings with supplemental damping. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 29: 461–480
Goel RK and Booker CA (2001). Effects of supplemental viscous damping on inelastic seismic response of asymmetric systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30: 411–430
Heredia-Zavoni E and Machicao-Barrionuevo R (2004). Response to orthogonal components of ground motion and assessment of percentage combination rules. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33: 271–284
Kappos AJ, Scott SG (1998) Seismic assessment of an R/C building with setbacks using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis procedures. In: Booth ED(eds). Seismic design practice into the next century. Balkema, Rotterdam
Khoury W, Rutenberg A, Levy R (2005) On the seismic response of asymmetric setback perimeter-frame structures. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Kilar V and Fajfar P (1997). Simple push-over analysis of asymmetric buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 26: 233–249
Kilar V, Fajfar P (2002) Seismic analysis of eccentric R/C buildings by the N2 methods. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Kim J and Bang S (2002). Optimum distribution of added viscoelastic dampers for mitigation of torsional response of plan-wise asymmetric structures. Eng Struct 24: 1257–1269
Lee H-S, Ko D-W (2004) Seismic response of high-rise RC bearing-wall structures with irregularities at bottom stories. In: Proceedings of the 13th World conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. Vancouver, August 2004
Lee S, Son D, Kim J and Min KW (2004). Optimal design of viscoelastic dampers using eigenvalue assignment. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33: 521–542
Lignos DG, Gantes CJ (2005) Seismic demands for steel braced frames with stiffness irregularities based on modal pushover analysis. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Lin WH and Chopra AK (2001). Understanding and predicting effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric one-storey systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30: 1475–1494
Lin WH and Chopra AK (2003a). Asymmetric one-storey with non linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: earthquake response. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 555–577
Lin WH and Chopra AK (2003b). Asymmetric one-storey with non linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: simplified analysis and supplemental damping design. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 579–596
Magliulo G, Ramasco R, Realfonzo R (2002) A critical review of seismic code provisions for vertically irregular frames. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Marušic D and Fajfar P (2005). On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-axial excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34: 943–963
Myslimaj B and Tso WK (2005). A design-oriented approach to strength distribution in single story asymmetric systems with elements having strength-dependent stiffness. Earthq Spectra 21: 197–212
Moghadam AS, Tso WK (2000) Pushover analysis for asymmetric and set-back multi-story buildings. In: Proceedings of the 12th World conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. Auckland, New Zealand, February 2000
Murnal P and Sinha R (2004). Behaviour of torsionally coupled structures with variable frequency pendulum isolator. J Struct Eng 130(7): 1041–1054
Negro P, Mola E, Gutierrez E (2005) Application of the Karhunen–Loewe method to the analysis of the results of a PSD test on a torsionally unbalanced three-storey R/C building. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Paulay T (2002). An estimation of displacement limits for ductile systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31: 583–599
Penelis GrG, Kappos AJ (2005) Inelastic torsion effects in 3D pushover analysis of buildings. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Peruš I, Fajfar P (2002) On inelastic seismic response of asymmetric single-storey structures under bi-axial excitation. In: Proceedings of the third European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Florence, September 2002
Peruš I and Fajfar P (2005). On the inelastic torsional response of single-storey structures under bi-axial excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34: 931–941
Pettinga D, Pampanin S, Christopoulos C, Priestley MJN (2005) Effects of irregularities on the residual displacements of structures subjected to inelastic torsional response. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Pinho R, Antoniou S (2005) A displacement-based adaptive pushover algorithm for assessment of vertically irregular frames. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Pintucchi B, De Stefano M, Gasparini G, Silvestri S, Trombetti T (2005) Numerical verification of the effectiveness of the “alpha method” for the estimation of the maximum rotational response of eccentric systems. In Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Reinhorn AM, Kusumastuti D, Rutenberg A (2005) Seismic response of irregular frame structures near collapse: experimental and analytical investigation. In: Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on the seismic behaviour of irregular and complex structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki, August 2005
Romão X, Costa A, Delgado R (2004) Seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete frames with setbacks. In: Proceedings of the 13th World conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. Vancouver, August 2004
Rutenberg A (2002) EAEE Task Group (TG) 8: behaviour and irregular and complex structures—progress since 1998. In: Proceedings of the 12th European conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. London, September 2002
Ryan KL and Chopra AK (2004). Estimation of seismic demands on isolators in asymmetric buildings using non-linear analysis. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33: 395–418
Shakib H and Fuladgar A (2003). Effect of vertical component of earthquake on the response of pure-friction base-isolated asymmetric buildings. Eng Struct 25: 1841–1850
Singh MP, Singh S and Moreschi LM (2002). Tuned mass dampers for response control of torsional buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31: 749–769
Stathopoulos KG, Anagnostopoulos SA (2002) Inelastic earthquake induced torsion in buildings: results and conclusions from realistic models. In: Proceedings of the 12th European conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. London, September 2002
Stathopoulos KG and Anagnostopoulos SA (2003). Inelastic earthquake response of single-story asymmetric buildings: an assessment of simplified shear-beam models. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 1813–1831
Stathopoulos KG and Anagnostopoulos SA (2005). Inelastic torsion of multi-storey buildings under earthquake excitations. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34: 1449–1465
Sommer A and Bachmann H (2005). Seismic behaviour of asymmetric RC wall buildings: principles and new deformation-based design methods. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34: 101–124
Tena-Colunga A (2004) Evaluation of the seismic response of slender, setback RC moment-resisting frame buildings designed according to the seismic guidelines of a modern building code. In: Proceedings of the 13th World conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. Vancouver, August 2004
Tena-Colunga A and Gomez-Soberon L (2002). Torsional response of base-isolated structures due to the asymmetries in the superstructure. Eng Struct 24: 1587–1599
Tena-Colunga A and Zambrana-Rojas C (2006). Dynamic torsional amplifications of base-isolated structures with an eccentric isolation system. Eng Struct 28: 72–83
Tremblay R and Poncet L (2005). Seismic performance of concentrically braced steel frames in multistory buildings with mass irregularity. J Struct Eng 131: 1363–1375
Trombetti TL and Conte JP (2005). New insight into a simplified approach to seismic analysis of torsionally coupled one-story, elastic systems. J Sound Vibrat 286: 265–312
Tso WK, Moghadam AS (1997) Seismic response of asymmetrical buildings using push-over analysis. In: Proceedings of workshop on seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes. Balkema, Rotterdam
Tso WK, Myslimaj B (2002) Effect of strength distribution on the inelastic torsional response of asymmetric structural systems. In: Proceedings of the 12th European conference on earthquake engineering, CD ROM. London, September 2002
Tso WK and Myslimaj B (2003). A yield displacement distribution-based approach for strength assignment to lateral force-resisting elements having strength dependent stiffness. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 2319–2351
Wang J and Lin C (2005). Seismic performances of multiple tuned mass dampers for soil-irregular building interaction systems. Int J Solids Struct 42: 5536–5554
Yoshida O, Dyke SJ, Giacosa LM and Truman KZ (2003). Experimental verification on torsional response control of asymmetric buildings using MR dampers. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32: 2085–2105
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Stefano, M., Pintucchi, B. A review of research on seismic behaviour of irregular building structures since 2002. Bull Earthquake Eng 6, 285–308 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9052-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9052-3