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Dietary mixture of short-chain fatty acids, a phytogenic agent, and a permeabilizer improved growth, antioxidant enzymes, and immunocompetence in whiteleg shrimp juveniles (Penaeus vannamei)

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Abstract

An 8-week study was carried out to examine the influence of dietary Biotronic Top3 (BTT3), which is a blend of short-chain fatty acids (formate, propionate, and acetate), a phytogenic agent (cinnamaldehyde), and a permeabilizer complex (Biomin), in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) juveniles. Five isonitrogenous (∼38%) diets were formulated and supplemented with BTT3 at 0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, or 1.2 g/kg. Shrimps (2.7 g) were allocated into 15 circular fiberglass tanks filled with 150 L seawater (20 shrimp per tank) and each dietary treatment was in triplicate. Shrimps were handfed thrice a day at the rate of 7% of their initial biomass for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, hemolymph and hepatopancreas (HP) were sampled to evaluate plasma biochemical factors, immune-related genes, and digestive enzymes, respectively. The growth rate in shrimps fed with a 0.3 g BTT3/kg diet was markedly higher (∼1.6 g) than in the control (P < 0.05), but higher dietary BTT3 levels did not improve growth and feed utilization. Protein deposition in the whole body of shrimps fed with 0.3 or 0.6 g BTT3/kg diets was significantly increased (∼1.5%) compared to the control. Total alkaline proteases activity in BTT3 groups was significantly higher than in the control. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, was increased in HP of shrimps fed BTT3-supplemented diets; meanwhile, malondialdehyde level was significantly reduced by increasing dietary BTT3 level. Shrimps fed diets supplemented with 1.2 g BTT3/kg, and the control had the highest and lowest plasma phenoloxidase activity, respectively. The plasma alkaline phosphatase content in BTT3 groups was higher than in the control. The highest relative abundance of prophenoloxidase gene mRNA transcript was in HP of shrimps fed a 1.2-g BTT3/kg diet. The relative abundance of lysozyme and penaeidin-3α genes mRNA transcript in HP of shrimps fed 0.9 and 1.2 g BTT3/kg diets was higher than in the other groups. Based on the abovementioned findings, the inclusion of aquafeeds with 0.3 g BTT3/kg can increase growth performance in P. vannamei juvenile by promoting the antioxidant capacity and immune responses.

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  1. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

    Fatemeh Afshari & Ebrahim Sotoudeh

  2. Agriculture Research, Education and Extension, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Ahwaz, Iran

    Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh

  3. Persian Gulf Research Center, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

    Ahmad Ghasemi

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  1. Fatemeh Afshari
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  2. Ebrahim Sotoudeh
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  3. Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
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FA: project administration and methodology. ES: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, and supervision. MTM: conceptualization, investigation, validation, interpretation of data, and writing—original draft. AG: project administration and methodology, and supervision.

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Afshari, F., Sotoudeh, E., Mozanzadeh, M.T. et al. Dietary mixture of short-chain fatty acids, a phytogenic agent, and a permeabilizer improved growth, antioxidant enzymes, and immunocompetence in whiteleg shrimp juveniles (Penaeus vannamei). Aquacult Int 31, 847–866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01003-5

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