Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is concerned with the existence and the forms of transcendental entire solutions of several Fermat type functional equations concerning difference and partial differential in ℂ2, by utilizing the Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic functions in several complex variables. Some results are obtained to give the forms of entire solutions for such equations, which are some improvements and generalizations of the previous theorems given by Xu and Cao, Liu and Dong. Moreover, some examples are given to show that there are great differences in the forms of transcendental entire solutions with finite order of Fermat type functional equations between in several complex variables and in a single complex variable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. B. Cao and R. J. Korhonen, A new version of the second main theorem for meromorphic mappings intersecting hyperplanes in several complex variables, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 444 (2016), 1114–1132.
T. B. Cao and L. Xu, Logarithmic difference lemma in several complex variables and partial difference equations, Ann. Math. Pure Appl., 199 (2020), 767–794.
Y. M. Chiang and S. J. Feng, On the Nevanlinna characteristic of f (z + η) and difference equations in the complex plane, Ramanujan J., 16 (2008), 105–129.
R. Courant and D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Physics, vol. II: Partial Differential Equations, Interscience (New York, 1962).
P. R. Garabedian, Partial Differential Equations, Wiley (New York, 1964).
F. Gross, On the equation fn + gn = 1, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 72 (1966), 86–88.
R. G. Halburd and R. J. Korhonen, Difference analogue of the lemma on the logarithmic derivative with applications to difference equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 314 (2006), 477–487.
R. G. Halburd and R. Korhonen, Finite-order meromorphic solutions and the discrete Painlevé equations, Proc. London Math. Soc., 94 (2007), 443–474.
R. G. Halburd and R. J. Korhonen, Nevanlinna theory for the difference operator, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math., 31 (2006), 463–478.
P. C. Hu and B. Q. Li, On meromorphic solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations of first order, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 377 (2011), 881–888.
P. C. Hu, P. Li and C. C. Yang, Unicity of Meromorphic Mappings, Advances in Complex Analysis and its Applications, vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht, Boston, London, 2003).
G. Iyer, On certain functional equations, J. Indian. Math. Soc., 3 (1939), 312–315.
D. Khavinson, A note on entire solutions of the eiconal equation, Amer. Math. Monthly, 102 (1995), 159–161.
R. J. Korhonen, A difference Picard Theorem for meromorphic functions of several variables, Comput. Methods Funct. Theory, 12 (2012), 343–361.
B. Q. Li, Entire solutions of \({\left( {{u_{{z_1}}}} \right) m} + {\left( {{u_{{z_2}}}} \right) n} = {e g}\), Nagoya Math. J., 178 (2005), 151–162.
B. Q. Li, On entire solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations, Int. J. Math., 15 (2004), 473–485.
B. Q. Li, Entire solutions of certain partial differential equations and factorization of partial derivatives, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 357 (2004), 3169–3177.
B. Q. Li, Entire solutions of eiconal type equations, Arch. Math., 89 (2007), 350–357.
K. Liu, Meromorphic functions sharing a set with applications to difference equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 359 (2009), 384–393.
K. Liu and T. B. Cao, Entire solutions of Fermat type difference differential equations, Electron. J. Diff. Equ., 2013 (2013), 10 pp.
K. Liu, T. B. Cao and H. Z. Cao, Entire solutions of Fermat type differential-difference equations, Arch. Math., 99 (2012), 147–155.
K. Liu and X. J. Dong, Fermat type differential and difference equations, Electron. J. Diff. Equ., 2015 (2015), paper No. 159, 10 pp.
K. Liu and C. J. Song, Meromorphic solutions of complex differential-difference equations, Results Math., 72 (2017), 1759–1771.
M. L. Liu and L. Y. Gao, Transcendental solutions of systems of complex differential-difference equations, Sci. Sin. Math., 49 (2019), 1–22 (in Chinese).
F. Lu, W. R. Lu, C. P. Li and J. F. Xu, Growth and uniqueness related to complex differential and difference equations, Results Math., 4 (2019), paper No. 30, 18 pp.
F. Lu and Z. Li, Meromorphic solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 478 (2019), 864–873.
G. Pólya, On an integral function of an integral function, J. London. Math. Soc., 1 (1926), 12–15.
X. G. Qi, Y. Liu and L. Z. Yang, A note on solutions of some differential-difference equations, J. Contemp. Math. Anal., 52 (2017), 128–133.
X. G. Qi and L. Z. Yang, Entire solutions of some differential-difference equations, Bull. Iran. Math. Soc., https://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-019-00277-5.
J. Rauch, Partial Differential Equations, Springer-Verlag (New York, 1991).
E. G. Saleeby, Entire and meromorphic solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations, Analysis (Munich), 19 (1999), 369–376.
E. G. Saleeby, On entire and meromorphic solutions of \(\lambda {u k} + \sum\nolimits_{i = 1} n {u_{{z_i}} m = 1} \), Complex Var. Theory Appl., 49 (2004), 101–107.
L. I. Ronkin, Introduction to the Theory of Entire Functions of Several Variables, American Mathematical Society (Providence, RI, 1974).
W. Stoll, Holomorphic Functions of Finite Order in Several Complex Variables, American Mathematical Society (Providence, RI, 1974).
J. F. Tang and L. W. Liao, The transcendental meromorphic solutions of a certain type of nonlinear differential equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 334 (2007), 517–527.
H. Y. Xu, S. Y. Liu, and Q. P. Li, Entire solutions for several systems of nonlinear difference and partial differential difference equations of Fermat type, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 483 (2020), no. 123641, 22 pp.
H. Y. Xu and H. Wang, Notes on the existence of entire solutions for several partial differential-difference equations, Bull. Iran. Math. Soc., 46 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-020-00453-y.
L. Xu and T. B. Cao, Solutions of complex Fermat-type partial difference and differential-difference equations, Mediterr. J. Math., 15 (2018), paper No. 227, 14 pp.
L. Xu and T. B. Cao, Correction to: Solutions of complex Fermat-type partial difference and differential-difference equations, Mediterr. J. Math., 17 (2020), Paper No. 8, 4 pp.
C. C. Yang, A generalization of a theorem of P. Montel on entire functions, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 26 (1970), 332–334.
C. C. Yang and P. Li, On the transcendental solutions of a certain type of nonlinear differential equations, Arch. Math., 82 (2004), 442–448.
J. Zhang, On some special difference equations of Malmquist type, Bull. Korean Math. Soc., 55 (2018), 51–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11761035, 12161074) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province in China (No. 20181BAB201001).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, XM., Xu, HY. Entire solutions for some Fermat type functional equations concerning difference and partial differential in ℂ2. Anal Math 48, 199–226 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-021-0113-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-021-0113-7