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Quantification of airborne dust, endotoxins, human pathogens and antibiotic and metal resistance genes in Eastern Canadian swine confinement buildings

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Abstract

Pig farming practices in Eastern Canada changed drastically into intensified and specialized operations. In large confined finishing facilities, workers are now exposed to concentrated biological particles (bioaerosols) for prolonged periods of time. Occupational exposure to airborne dust, endotoxins, bacteria, human pathogenic agents (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Salmonella spp., Mycobacterium avium, Clostridium difficile and Listeria monocytogenes), and antibiotic and metal resistance genes (cephalosporin, colistin, zinc) were investigated in 10 swine confinement buildings (SCBs). Average concentration in SCBs for airborne total dust and endotoxins was 3.62 mg/m3 and 9.03 × 103 EU/m3, respectively. All the human pathogenic agents and resistance genes investigated in this study were detected in bioaerosols of at least one SCB, with S. aureus and czrC gene (zinc resistance) being recovered from all buildings. A colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) was found in 6 out of 10 SCBs despite restricted use of the antimicrobial agent in Eastern Canadian swine herds. The present study reinforces the fact that SCBs contain bioaerosols that may contribute to the development of adverse health effects among workers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the participating swine producers and the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité au travail (IRSST) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAC) for financial support. The research activities were carried out under the Canadian AgriSafety Applied Research Program of AAC coordinated and administered by Agrivita Canada Inc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Jonathan Pilote & Caroline Duchaine

  2. Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada

    Jonathan Pilote, Valérie Létourneau & Caroline Duchaine

  3. Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada

    Matthieu Girard

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  1. Jonathan Pilote
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  2. Valérie Létourneau
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  3. Matthieu Girard
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  4. Caroline Duchaine
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Correspondence to Caroline Duchaine.

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Pilote, J., Létourneau, V., Girard, M. et al. Quantification of airborne dust, endotoxins, human pathogens and antibiotic and metal resistance genes in Eastern Canadian swine confinement buildings. Aerobiologia 35, 283–296 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09562-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09562-6

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