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Inelasticity of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque

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Abstract

Little mechanical test data exists regarding the inelastic behavior of atherosclerotic plaques. As a result finite element (FE) models of stenting procedures commonly use hyperelastic material models to describe the soft tissue response thus limiting the accuracy of the model to the expansion stage of stent implantation and leave them unable to predict the lumen gain. In this study, cyclic mechanical tests were performed to characterize the inelastic behavior of fresh human carotid atherosclerotic plaque tissue due to radial compressive loading. Plaques were classified clinically as either mixed (M), calcified (Ca), or echolucent (E). An approximately linear increase in the plastic deformation was observed with increases in the peak applied strain for all plaque types. While calcified plaques generally appeared stiffest, it was observed that the clinical classification of plaques had no significant effect on the magnitude of permanent deformation on unloading. The test data was characterized using a constitutive model that accounts for both permanent deformation and stress softening to describe the compressive plaque behavior on unloading. Material constants are reported for individual plaques as well as mean values for each plaque classification. This data can be considered as a first step in characterizing the inelastic behavior of atherosclerotic plaques and could be used in combination with future mechanical data to improve the predictive capabilities of FE models of angioplasty and stenting procedures particularly in relation to lumen gain.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based on works supported by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 07/RFP/ENMF660.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

    Eoghan Maher & Daniel J. Kelly

  2. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

    Arthur Creane & Caitríona Lally

  3. Western Vascular Institute, Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Sherif Sultan & Niamh Hynes

  4. Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Galway Clinic, Doughiska, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland

    Sherif Sultan & Niamh Hynes

Authors
  1. Eoghan Maher
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  2. Arthur Creane
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  3. Sherif Sultan
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  4. Niamh Hynes
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  5. Caitríona Lally
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  6. Daniel J. Kelly
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Correspondence to Daniel J. Kelly.

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Associate Editor Peter E. McHugh oversaw the review of this article.

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Maher, E., Creane, A., Sultan, S. et al. Inelasticity of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Ann Biomed Eng 39, 2445–2455 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0331-4

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