Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Encrusting micro-organisms and microbial structures in Upper Jurassic limestones from the Southern Carpathians (Romania)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Facies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Štramberk-type reef limestones are known from some parts of the Southern Carpathians in Romania. The Upper Jurassic deposits mainly consist of massif reef limestones including a variety of microbialites associated with micro-encrusters. They played an important role in the formation and evolution of the reef frameworks and thus are of significant importance for deciphering the depositional environments. For our study, the most important encrusting organisms are Crescentiella morronensis, Koskinobullina socialis, Lithocodium aggregatum, Bacinella-type structures, Radiomura cautica, Perturbatacrusta leini, Coscinophragma sp., and crust-forming coralline sponges such as Calcistella. Based on microscopic observations, microbial contribution to reef construction is documented by the abundance of dense micrite, laminate structures, clotted, thrombolithic or peloidal microfabrics, constructive micritic cortices, biogenic encrustations and cement crusts, as well as by other types of microbial structures and crusts. Most of the investigated carbonate deposits can be classified as “coral-microbial-microencruster boundstones” which are characteristic for the Intra-Tethyan domain. Their paleogeographical significance is indicated by the presence of many features comparable with carbonate deposits of rimmed platform systems from the Northern Calcareous Alps or Central Apennines. Based on the distribution of the facies and facies associations within the carbonate sequences under study we can distinguish slope and external shelf margin environments. The microbial crusts, the encrusting micro-organisms, and in some cases the syndepositional cements have stabilized and bound the carbonates of the slope facies types. Subsequently, the stable substrate favored the installation of coral-microbial bioconstruction levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bathurst RGC (1971) Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis. Developm Sediment12. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 658

    Google Scholar 

  • Bathurst RGC (1986) Carbonate diagenesis and reservoir development: conservation, destruction and creation of pores. In: Bathurst RGC, Land LS (eds) Carbonate depositional environments. Modern and ancient. Part 5: diagenesis 1. Colorado School Mines, Quart, pp 1–24

  • Beccaro P, Lazăr I (2007) Oxfordian and Callovian radiolarians from the Bucegi Massif and Piatra Craiului Mountains (Southern Carpathians, Romania). Geol Carpat 58:305–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Boldor C, Stilla A, Iavorschi M, Dumitru I (1970) New data regarding the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Mesozoic sedimentary deposits from Olăneşti (Southern Carpathians). D S Şed Inst Geol 55(for 1966–1967):217–221 (in Romanian)

  • Borza K (1975) Mikroproblematika aus der oberen Trias der Westkarpaten. Geol Carpat 26:199–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucur II (1978) Microfacies of white limestones from the northern part of Piatra Craiului Massif. Biostratigraphical remarks. D S Şed Inst Geol 64(for 1976–1977):89–105 (in Romanian)

  • Bucur II (1980) Rhaxella sorbyana (Blake) in Oxfordian radiolarites from Piatra Craiului Massif. D S Şed Inst Geol Geophys 65(for 1977–1978):31–35 (in Romanian)

  • Bucur II (1999) Stratigraphic significance of some skeletal algae (Dasycladales, Caulerpales) of the Phanerozoic. In: Farinacci A, Lord AR (eds) Palaeopelagos Spec Publ, vol 2. pp 53–104

  • Bucur II, Săsăran E (2005) Micropaleontological assemblages from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deposits of Trascău Mountains and their biostratigraphic significance. Acta Paleont Rom 5:27–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucur II, Săsăran E (2011) Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous algae of Hăghimaş Mountains (Lacu Roşu-Cheile Bicazului area). In: Bucur II, Săsăran E (eds) Calcareous algae from Romanian Carpathians, 10th International Symposium on Fossil Algae, Cluj Napoca, Romania 12–18 September 2011, Field Trip Guide Book, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, pp 57–97

  • Bucur II, Hoffman M, Kołodziej B (2005) Upper Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous benthic algae from Tethys and the European Platform: a case study from Poland. Rev Esp Micropaleontol 37:105–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucur II, Săsăran E, Iacob R, Ichim C, Turi V (2009) Upper Jurassic shallow water carbonate deposits from some Carpathian areas: new micropaleontological results. The 8th Symposium of IGCP 506, Abstracts and Field Guide, Editura Universităţii Bucureşti, Bucureşti, pp 13–14

  • Bucur II, Săsăran E, Balica C, Beleş D, Bruchental C, Chendeş C, Chendeş O, Hosu A, Lazăr DF, Lăpădat A, Marian AV, Mircescu C, Turi V, Ungureanu R (2010) Mesozoic carbonate deposits from some areas of the Romanian Carpathians—case studies. Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj Napoca, p 203

  • Camoin G, Maurin AF (1988) Rôle des micro-organismes (bactéries, cyanobactéries) dans la genèse des “Mud Mounds”. Exemple du Turonien des Jebels Bireno et Mrhila (Tunisie). CR Acad Sci 307:401–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Carras N, Georgala D (1998) Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous carbonate facies of African affinities in a peri-European area: Chalkidiki Peninsula, Greece. Facies 38:153–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catincuţ C, Michetiuc M, Bucur II (2010) Microfacies and microfossils of the Upper Tithonian–Lower Berriasian calcareous klippes from Ampoiţei Valley (West of Alba Iulia, Romania). Acta Paleont Rom 7:77–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherchi A, Schroeder R (1979) Koskinobullina n.gen., microorganisme en colonie incertae sedis (Algues?) du Jurassique-Crétace de la région méditerranéenne; note preliminaire. Bull Centre Rech Elf Explor Prod 3:519–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherchi A, Schroeder R (2006) Remarks on the systematic position of Lithocodium Elliott, a problematic microorganism from the Mesozoic carbonate platform of the Tethyan realm. Facies 52:435–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherchi A, Schroeder R (2010) Boring sponges (Entobia) in Mesozoic Lithocodium calcimicrobial crusts. Riv Ital Paleont Strat 116:351–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Coniglio M, Dix GR (1992) Carbonate slope. In: Walker RG, James NP (eds) Facies models, response to sea level change. Geol Assoc Canada, pp 349–373

  • Crescenti U (1969) Biostratigrafia delle facies Mesozoiche dell’Appennino Centrale: Correlazioni. Geol Romana 8:15–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahanayake K (1977) Classification of the oncoids from the Upper Jurassic carbonates of the French Jura. Sediment Geol 18:337–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrescu R, Patrulius D, Popescu I (1971) Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 110c, Inst Geol Geophys, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Dimitrescu R, Popescu I, Schuster CA (1974) Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 110a, Inst Geol Geophys, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Dragastan O (1969) Micro-oncolithes dans le Jurassique supérieur de la vallée du Bicaz, Carpates Orientales, Roumanie. Bull Soc Géol France 11(7):635–639

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragastan O (1975) Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous microfacies from the Bicaz Valley basin (East Carpathians). Mem Inst Geol Geophys 21:1–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragastan O (1980) Calcareous algae from the Mesozoic and tertiary of Romania. Ed Acad RS Romania p 167 (in Romanian)

  • Dragastan O (2010) Getic carbonate platform—stratigraphy of Jurassic and lower Cretaceous, reconstructions, paleogeography, provinces and biodiversity. Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, p 622 (in Romanian)

  • Dupraz C, Strasser A (1999) Microbialites and micro-encrusters in shallow coral bioherms (Middle to Late Oxfordian, Swiss Jura Mountains). Facies 40:101–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einsele G (1991) Submarine mass flow deposits and turbidites. In: Seilacher A, Einsele G, Ricken W (eds) Cycles and events in stratigraphy. Springer, Berlin, pp 313–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliášová H (1981) Some binding microorganisms of the Štramberk reef limestones (Tithonian, Czechoslovakia). Vest Ustred ust geol 56:113–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1956) Further records of fossil calcareous algae from the Middle East. Micropaleontology 2:327–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1963) Problematical microfossils from the Cretaceous and Paleocene of the Middle East. Palaeontology 6:293–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Enos P, Moore CH (1983) Fore—reef slope environment. In: Scholle PA, Bebout DG, Moore CH (eds) Carbonate depositional environments. AAPG, Mem 33:508–537

  • Flügel E (1981) Tubiphyten’’ aus dem fränkischen Malm. Geol Bl NO-Bayern 31:126–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (2004) Microfacies of carbonate rocks. Analysis interpretation and application. Springer, Berlin, p 976

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E, Koch R (1995) Controls on the diagenesis of Upper Triassic carbonate ramp sediments: Steinplatte, Northern Alps (Austria). Geol Paläont Mitt Innsbruck 20:283–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Gawlick HJ, Missoni S, Schlagintweit F, Suzuki H, Frisch W, Krystyn L, Blau J, Lein R (2009) Jurassic tectonostratigraphy of the Austroalpine Domain. J Alp Geol 50:1–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburg RN, Harris PM, Enerli GP, Swart PK (1991) The growth potential of a bypass margin, Great Bahama Bank. J Sediment Petrol 61:976–987

    Google Scholar 

  • Grammer GM, Ginsburg RN, McNeill DF (1991) Morphology and development of modern carbonate foreslopes, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. In: Larue DK, Draper G (eds) Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological Conference, pp 27–32

  • Grötsch J, Flügel E (1992) Facies of sunken Early Cretaceous atoll reefs and their capping Late Albian drowning succession (Northwestern Pacific). Facies 27:153–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeont Electron 4:9–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Helm C, Schülke I (1998) A coral-microbialite patch reef from the Late Jurassic (florigemma-Bank, Oxfordian) of NW Germany (Süntel Mountains). Facies 39:75–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helm C, Schülke I, Schlagintweit F (2003) Calcareous algae (Porostromata, Rhodophyta, Dasycladales) and microproblematica with algal affinity from the NW German Korallenoolith Formation (Oxfordian, Süntel Mountains). Facies 49:61–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann M, Kołodziej B, Matyszkiewicz J (1997) Upper Jurassic microbolites—examples from the Holy Cross Mts. and Cracow upland. In: Bednarczyk J, Gradziński N, Hoffmann M, Jasionowski M, Kołodziej B, Matyszkiewicz J, Paszkowski M, Szulc J, Wysocka A (eds) 3rd Regional Symposium of International Fossil Algae Associations, Cracow, Poland, 14–20 September 1997, Guidebook & Abstracts, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, pp 16–22

  • Hoffmann M, Kołodziej B, Bucur II, Săsăran E (2008) Rola mikrobialitów, mikroinkrusterów oraz synsedymentacyjnych cementów w tworzeniu raf z wapieni typu sztramberskiego z Polski i Rumunii. In: Utwory przełomu jury i kredy w zachodnich Karpatach fliszowych polsko-czeskiego pogranicza. Jurassica VII, Żywiec/Štramberk, 27–29.09.2008, vol 3. Kwartalnik AGH Geol, pp 178–179

  • Hopkins JC (1977) Production of foreslope breccia by differential submarine cementation and downslope displacement of carbonate sands, miette and ancient wall buildups, Devonian, Canada. SEPM Spec Publ 25:155–170

  • Immenhauser A, Hillgärtner H, Van Bentum E (2005) Microbial-foraminiferal episodes in the Early Aptian of the southern Tethyan realm margin: ecological significance and possible relation to oceanic anoxic event. Sedimentology 52:77–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova D, Kołodziej B, Koleva-Rekalova E, Roniewicz E (2008) Oxfordian to Valanginian palaeoenvironmental evolution on the western Moesian carbonate platform: a case study from SW Bulgaria. Ann Soc Geol Polon 78:65–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Jekelius E (1938) Das Gebirge von Braşov. An Inst Geol Rom 19:308–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall AC (1977) Fascicular-optic calcite: a replacement of bundled acicular carbonate cements. J Sediment Petrol 47:1056–1062

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall AC, Tucker E (1973) Radiaxial fibrous calcite: a replacement after acicular carbonate. Sedimentology 20:365–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keupp H, Jennisch A, Herrmann R, Neuweiler F, Reitner J (1993) Microbial carbonate crusts—a key to the environmental analysis of fossil spongiolites? Facies 29:41–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koch R, Moussavian E, Ogorelec B, Skaberne D, Bucur II (2002) Development of a Lithocodium (syn. Bacinella irregularis)—reef-mound—a patch reef within Middle Aptian lagoonal limestone sequence near Nova Gorica (Sabotin Mountain, W-Slovenia). Geologija 45:71–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kołodziej B (1997) Boring Foraminifera from exotics of Štramberk-type limestones (Tithonian–lower Berriasian, Polish Carpathians). Ann Soc Geol Polon 67:249–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Krajewski M (2000) Lithology and morphology of Upper Jurassic carbonate buildups in the Bedkowska Valley, Kraków region, southern Poland. Ann Soc Geol Polon 70:151–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinfelder R, Nose M, Schmid UD, Werner W (1993) Microbial crusts of the Late Jurassic: composition, palaeoecological significance and importance in reef construction. Facies 29:195–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leinfelder R, Schmid UD, Nose M, Werner W (2002) Jurassic reef patterns—the expression of a changing globe. In: Kiessling W, Flügel E, Golonka J (eds) Phanerozoic reef patterns, SEPM Spec Publ 72:465–520

  • Lupu M, Popescu B, Szasz L, Hann H, Gheuca I, Dumitrica P, Popescu GH (1978) Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 126a, Vânturariţa (Olăneşti). Inst Geol Geofiz, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Matyszkiewicz J, Felisiak M (1992) Microfacies and diagenesis of an Upper Oxfordian carbonate buildup in Mydlniki (Cracow area, Southern Poland). Facies 27:179–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matyszkiewicz J, Słomka T (2004) Reef-microencrusters association Lithocodium aggregatum-Bacinella irregularis from the Cieszyn limestone (Tithonian-Berriasian) of the Outer Western Carpathians (Poland). Geol Carpath 55:449–456

    Google Scholar 

  • McIlreath IA, James NP (1984) Carbonate slopes. In: Walker RG (ed) Facies models. Reprint Series 1:245–257

  • Mészáros N, Bucur I (1980) Oxfordian nannoplankton from Piatra Craiului Massif (in Romanian). Muz Bruckenthal Şt Nat 24:73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Mu X-N (1986) Lower Cretaceous calcareous algae from Xainza and Bangon; northern Xi-Zang. Bull Nanjing Inst Geol Palaeont Acad Sinica 10:99–105 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivier N, Carpentier C, Bertrand MG, Lathuilière M, Gaillard C, Ferry S, Hantzpergue P, Geister J (2004) Coral-microbialite reefs in pure carbonate versus mixed carbonate-siliciclastic depositional environments: the example of the Pagny-sur-Meuse section (Upper Jurassic, Northern France). Facies 50:229–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oncescu N (1943) Région de Piatra Craiului-Bucegi. Étude géologique. An Inst Geol Rom 19:3–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrulius D (1957) Correlation of Upper Dogger and Malm from Eastern Carpathians. Bul Şt Acad RPR 2:261–273 (in Romanian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrulius D (1969) Geology of Bucegi Massif and Dâmbovicioara Couloir. Editura Academiei RS R, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Patrulius D, Dimitrescu R, Popescu I (1971) Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 110d, Inst Geol Geophys, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Pomoni-Papaioannou PF, Flügel E, Koch R (1989) Depositional environments and diagenesis of Upper Jurassic subsurface sponge—and Tubiphytes reef limestones: Altensteig 1 well, western Molasse basin, southern Germany. Facies 21:263–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popescu I (1966) Contributions to the knowledge of the stratigraphy and geological structure of the Piatra Craiului Massif. D S Şed Inst Geol 52:157–176 (in Romanian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Radoičić R (1959) Some problematic microfossils from the Dinarian Cretaceous (in Serbian). Vesnik 17:87–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Radoičić R (2005) New Dasycladales and microbiota from the lowermost Valanginian of the Mirdita zone. Ann Géol Pénins Balk 66:27–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Reolid M, Gaillard C (2007) Microtaphonomy of bioclasts and paleoecology of microencrusters from Upper Jurassic spongiolithic limestones (External Prebetic, Southern Spain). Facies 53:97–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reolid M, Gaillard C, Olóriz F, Rodriguez-Tovar FJ (2005) Microbial encrustations from the Middle Oxfordian–earliest Kimmeridgian lithofacies in the Prebetic zone (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain): characterization, distribution and controlling factors. Facies 50:529–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riding R (1991) Calcified cyanobacteria. In: Riding R (ed) Calcareous algae and stromatolites. Springer, Berlin, pp 55–87

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Riding R (2000) Microbial carbonates: the geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms. Sedimentology 47:179–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roniewicz E (2008) Kimmeridgian–Valanginian reef corals from the Moesian Platform from Bulgaria. Ann Soc Geol Polon 78:91–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusciadelli G, Ricci C, Lathuilière B (2011) The Ellipsactinia Limestones of the Marsica area (Central Apennines): a reference zonation model for Upper Jurassic Intra-Tethys reef complexes. Sediment Geol 233:69–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saller AH (1986) Radiaxial calcite in Lower Miocene strata, subsurface Enewetak Atoll. J Sediment Petrol 56:743–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Săndulescu M (1984) Geotectonics of Romania. Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Săndulescu M, Popescu I, Săndulescu J, Mihăilă N, Schuster CA (1972) Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 110b, Inst Geol Geophys, Bucureşti (in Romanian)

  • Săsăran E (2006) Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous limestones from Trascău Mountains. Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj Napoca (in Romanian)

  • Săsăran E., Bucur II (2001) Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous microbolites and calcareous algae from the Stramberk-like limestones in Cheile Turzii area. In: Bucur II, Filipescu S, Săsăran E (eds) Algae and carbonate platforms in western part of Romania. Field Trip Guide, 4th Regional Meeting of IFAA, pp 191–207

  • Săsăran E, Hosu A, Spălnăcan R, Bucur II (2000) Microfacies, microfossils and sedimentary evolution of the Sănduleşti Limestone Formation in Cheile Turzii (Apuseni Mountains, Romania). Acta Paleont Rom 2:453–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Săsăran E, Bucur II, Prica I (2001) Microfacies and microfossils in Upper Jurassic limestones from Cheile Turenilor. Studia UBB Geol 46:35–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheibner C, Reijmer JG (1999) Facies patterns within a Lower Jurassic upper slope to inner platform transect (Jbel Bou Dahar, Morocco). Facies 41:55–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F (2010) Taxonomic revision of Late Jurassic „Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott” sensu Schmid & Leinfelder, 1996. Jb Geol BA 150:393–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F (2011) Taxonomic revision of Late Triassic „Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott“(Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). Jb Geol BA 151:375–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Bover-Arnal T (2012) Remarks on Bacinella Radoičić, 1959 (type species B. irregularis) and its representatives. Facies (online first) doi:10.1007/s10347-012-0309-1

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ (2007) Pseudorothpletzella schmidi n. gen., n. sp.: a new microencruster incertae sedis from Late Jurassic platform margin/fore-reefal microframeworks of the Plassen carbonate platform (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) and the Albanides. Jb Geol B A 147:595–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ (2008) The occurrence and role of microencruster frameworks in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous platform margin deposits of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria). Facies 54:207–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ (2009) Enigmatic tube-shaped microfossils associated with microbial crusts from Late Jurassic reefal carbonates of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria): a possible mutualistic sponge-epibiont consortium. Lethaia 42:452–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ (2011) Perturbatacrusta leini n.gen., n.sp. a new microencruster incertae sedis (?sponge) from late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous platform margin carbonates of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. Facies 57:123–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ, Lein R (2005) Mikropaläontologie und Biostratigraphie der Plassen-Karbonatplattform der Typlokalität (Ober-Jura bis Unter-Kreide, Salzkammergut, Österreich). J Alp Geol (Mitt Ges Geol Bergbaustud Österr) 47:11–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Bover-Arnal T, Salas R (2010) New insights into Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott 1956 and Bacinella irregularis Radoičić 1959 (Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous): two ulvophycean green algae (?Order Ulotrichales) with a heteromorphic life cycle (epilithic/euendolithic). Facies 56:509–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlagintweit F, Gawlick HJ, Lein R, Missoni S, Hoxha L (2012) Onset of an Aptian carbonate platform overlying a Middle–Late Jurassic radiolaritic ophiolithic mélange in the Mirdita Zone of Albania. Geol Croat 65:29–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid DU (1995) Tubiphytes morronensis—a facultatively encrusting foraminifer with endosymbiotic algae. Profil 8:305–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid DU (1996) Marine Mikrobolithe und Mikroinkrustierer aus dem Oberjura. Profil 9:101–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid DU, Leinfelder RR (1995) Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott n’est pas une algue mais un foraminifère encroûtant, commensalisé par le foraminifère Troglotella incrustans Wernli & Fookes. C R Acad Sci Ser 1 320:531–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid DU, Leinfelder RR (1996) The Jurassic Lithocodium aggregatum-Troglotella incrustans foraminiferal consortium. Palaeontology 39:21–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Segonzac G, Marin P (1972) Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott et Bacinella irregularis Radoičić de l’Aptien de Teruel (Espagne): stades de conaissance d’un seul et même organisme incertae sedis. Bull Soc Géol France 14(7):331–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan B (1984) Mikroproblematika aus den obertriadischen Riffkalken von Sizilien. Münster Forsch Geol Paläont 61:1–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan B, Schäfer P (1979) Neue Kalkschwämme und ein Problematikum (Radiomura cautica n. g., n. sp.) aus Oberrhät-Riffen südlich von Salzburg (Nördliche Kalkalpen). Mitt Österr Geol Gesell 70:17–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan B, Bucur II, Schlagintweit F, Săsăran E, Matyszkiewicz J (2008) Crescentiella, a new name for “Tubiphytes” morronensis Crescenti 1969: an enigmatic Jurassic–Cretaceous microfossil. Geol Croat 61:185–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Şerban D, Bucur II, Săsăran E (2004) Micropaleontological assemblages and microfacies characteristics of the Upper Jurassic limestones from Căprioara-Pojoga (Mureş Trough). Acta Palaeont Rom 4:475–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro RS (2000) A comment on the systematic confusion of thrombolites. Palaios 15:166–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiraishi F, Kano A (2004) Composition and spatial distribution of microencrusters and microbial crusts in upper Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous reef limestone (Torinosu limestone, southwest Japan). Facies 50:217–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stow DAV (1995) Deep clastic seas. In: Reading HG (ed) Sedimentary environments and facies, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 399–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Todiriţă-Mihăilescu V (1973) Contributions to the study of Cretaceous deposits from the north-eastern flank of Vânturariţa Ridge (in Romanian). Anal Univ Bucureşti 22:89–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Uţă A, Bucur II (2003) Microbial structures and microencrusters in the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deposits from Buila-Vânturariţa massif (South Carpathians). Studia UBB Geol 48:3–14

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was possible with the financial support of the Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007–2013, co-financed by the European Social Fund, under the project number POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76841 with the title „Modern Doctoral Studies: Internationalization and Interdisciplinarity”, and through PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0025 grant. We like to thank Vlad Pleş for assistance in the field and Lucian Pascariu and Filip Dima for their support in sample preparation. We are grateful to Felix Schlagintweit and Bogusław Kołodziej for their suggestions and helpful reviews. We also kindly thank Dana Pop for English translation and Stephen Kershaw for English corrections. We thank Felix Schlagintweit for information regarding the stratigraphic range of sponges.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    George Pleş, Cristian V. Mircescu, Ioan I. Bucur & Emanoil Săsăran

Authors
  1. George Pleş
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cristian V. Mircescu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ioan I. Bucur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Emanoil Săsăran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George Pleş.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pleş, G., Mircescu, C.V., Bucur, I.I. et al. Encrusting micro-organisms and microbial structures in Upper Jurassic limestones from the Southern Carpathians (Romania). Facies 59, 19–48 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0325-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0325-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation