Abstract
In tectonically active steep mountain belts, such as those in west Sichuan in China, frequent landslide disasters can occur during the rainy season. High-locality landslides often initiate with the failure of fractured rock masses or regolith near the ridge of a high and steep slope. Often, these events occur suddenly in the sense that people downslope are caught by surprise. High-locality landslides can be destructive owing to the large momentum and entrainment potential of the moving mass. Increasing attention has been given to these events since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Indeed, slope ridges are particularly susceptible of topographic amplification of the seismic shaking, resulting in mechanical weakening that predisposes them to enhanced weathering and rain-triggered failures years or decades after the mainshock. Risk reduction in such cases must begin with a systematic surveying of the ridges to identify criticalities. Then, quantitative (numerical) approaches must be used to evaluate volumes and describe the movement. Risk assessments can then be produced, and mitigations suggested. Here, we describe the Tonghua landslide in Li County, which is currently in a creeping stage but threatens critical infrastructures and dwellings. We monitored the site for 3 years and identified additional potentially unstable areas before performing physically based modeling and hazard zonation. Our results could be useful in decision-making for risk reduction.
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the anonymous referee for their careful reading and providing insightful comments to improve the initial version of this paper.
Funding
This research was funded by the project supported by the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (Grant No. 41521002), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41877266), the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2020JDJQ0044). G. Scaringi received financial support from the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR Grant No. 20-28853Y) and the International mobility of researchers at Charles University (MSCA-IF IV; Grant No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/20_079/0017987).
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Wang, D., Li, Y., Wang, Z. et al. Threat from above! Assessing the risk from the Tonghua high-locality landslide in Sichuan, China. Landslides 19, 731–746 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01836-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01836-w