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Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan (Mw 6.6), earthquake: spatial distribution, controlling factors, and possible failure mechanism

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Abstract

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred on September 6, 2018. It triggered a large amount of slope failures near the towns of Atsuma, Mukawa, and Abira, which caused more than 80% of the casualties. This study presents an inventory of 7837 coseismic landslides based on the interpretation of the PlanetScope images, covering about 24 km2 of the disrupted area. The local and global area-volume relationships have shown that the landslides mobilized about 23–38 million m3 of deposits. Most of landslides are shallow soil slides with an average size smaller than what is commonly observed for other earthquakes. Their spatial distribution shows that the mostly affected terrain has an elevation range 100–200 m.a.s.l., with slope gradients of 25–30°. The observed density of the landslides is jointly controlled by the ground motion, slope gradient, topographic wetness index, and, to a lesser degree, tectonic features, e.g., anticlines and faults. The rainfall and the influence of Typhoon Jebi were found to be of secondary importance. The slope failures are also the results of the pulse-like ground motion traits that shook the loose and crushable pumice materials that had been deposited during the eruptions of mounts Tarumae and Eniwa, and the Shikotsu caldera volcanoes, which are prone to flow-like slope failures.

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Acknowledgments

We want to thank the discussions with Dr. Gonghui Wang and the contribution of all the group of experts during mapping. The authors also thank the Associate Editor Prof. Binod Tiwari, Prof. Hiromitsu Yamagishi, Dr. Albert Liu, Dr. Konstantinos Tsavdaridis, and the anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments which significantly helped in improving the quality of our manuscript.

Funding

The collection and processing of the data presented in this paper were funded by the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 41622206), the Fund for Creative Research Groups of China (Grant No. 41521002), the Fund for International Cooperation (NSFC-RCUK_NERC), and the Resilience to Earthquake-induced landslide risk in China (Grant No. 41661134010).

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  1. College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

    Fengrui Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Fengrui Wang, Xuanmei Fan, Ali P. Yunus, Srikrishnan Siva Subramanian, Andres Alonso-Rodriguez, Lanxin Dai, Qiang Xu & Runqiu Huang

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Wang, F., Fan, X., Yunus, A.P. et al. Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan (Mw 6.6), earthquake: spatial distribution, controlling factors, and possible failure mechanism. Landslides 16, 1551–1566 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01187-7

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