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Snake conservation in anthropized landscapes: considering artificial habitats and questioning management of semi-natural habitats

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Abstract

The intensification of human activities is responsible for habitat loss which is the major cause of biodiversity regression. In this context, it becomes critical to consider with more attention highly transformed or artificial habitats that may have a significant value for biodiversity conservation. It is also equally important to evaluate the significance of management measures in remaining semi-natural habitat. Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) usually have limited dispersal capacities and are consequently particularly vulnerable to habitat changes. We studied the abundance of an endangered species, the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca), in 112 sites located in the southern part of Belgium. We wanted to compare population size and density in a semi-natural habitat (dry grassland) and two artificial ones (rocky habitats and railway). We also wanted to compare snake density in grasslands depending on management measures (either mowing, grazing, or no management). Our results suggest that smooth snake population sizes are low with fewer than 20 individuals on 85% of the sampled sites. Highest density and population sizes were reported along railways and in artificial rocky habitats when compared with grasslands. Population density was lower in nature reserves reflecting notably the negative effect of management (grazing). Our study suggests that transformed habitat can provide significant structural diversity and can be beneficial as long as human pressure remains low. In turn, management measures deployed in semi-natural habitats may dramatically affect microhabitat diversity and significantly impact squamate populations.

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Acknowledgments

We warmly thank the people who contributed to data collection: Florent Bignon, Jonas Bogacsyk, Jacques Bultot, Guido Catthoor, Didier Cavelier, Olivier Decocq, Jean Delacre, Jean-Noël Funtowicz, José Hussin, Eddy Kosmala, Charlotte Mathelart, Noël Méganck, Marc Paquay, Thibault Petit, Arthur Timmermans, Charles Uyttenhoven, and Olivier Vanderstraeten. This research was supported by the Department of the Natural and Agricultural Environment (DEMNA) of the Public Service of Wallonia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département Etudes, Natagora, Traverses des Muses, 1, 5000, Namur, Belgium

    Eric Graitson

  2. Departments of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Sylvain Ursenbacher

  3. Info Fauna, CSCF & karch, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland

    Sylvain Ursenbacher

  4. Centre d’étude biologique de Chizé, CNRS-UMR7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France

    Olivier Lourdais

  5. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA

    Olivier Lourdais

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Correspondence to Olivier Lourdais.

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This study was performed in accordance with laws relative to capture of a protected species Coronella austriaca. Capture permit was issue annually by the Department of the natural and agricultural environment (DEMNA) of the Public Service of Wallonia. All field procedures complied with Belgium regulation and ethical standards for animal welfare.

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Graitson, E., Ursenbacher, S. & Lourdais, O. Snake conservation in anthropized landscapes: considering artificial habitats and questioning management of semi-natural habitats. Eur J Wildl Res 66, 39 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-020-01373-2

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