Abstract
Drought, especially in arid and semi-arid area, has become a major issue for world food security in recent years. Hence, intensive efforts are being made to refrain the negative effects of drought in agricultural cultivation. The application of proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) helps to conserve water and proteins in plant cells and to protect biological membranes under water stress conditions. The present study aimed to reveal the application doses of Pro and GB by applying their increasing doses to spinach and determining the mitigation of adverse effects under water stress conditions. In greenhouse conditions, two different irrigation levels were applied, namely full irrigation (I100) and 50% water stress (I50), according to the factorial experimental design in random plots. In addition, three different Pro doses (1, 2, and 3 µM) and three different GB doses (50, 100, and 150 µM) were applied. It was observed that water stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters. Although Pro and GB doses were not effective under water stress conditions, they contributed to plant growth under full irrigation conditions. Water stress caused a significant increase in catalase (CAT-49%), proline (PL-119%), and protein contents (PT-12%). Pro2, GB1 and GB2 doses caused a significant decrease in CAT, SOD and PL content under water stress conditions. Moreover, higher values were obtained for carotenoid, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content at the third level dose of Pro and second level dose of GB, and it was observed that some applications of Pro and GB supported plant growth under full irrigation conditions.
Zusammenfassung
Trockenheit, insbesondere in ariden und semiariden Gebieten, ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem wichtigen Problem für die weltweite Ernährungssicherheit geworden. Daher werden intensive Anstrengungen unternommen, um die negativen Auswirkungen von Trockenheit im landwirtschaftlichen Anbau zu verhindern. Der Einsatz von Prolin (Pro) und Glycinbetain (GB) hilft, Wasser und Proteine in Pflanzenzellen zu konservieren und biologische Membranen unter Wasserstressbedingungen zu schützen. Die vorliegende Studie zielte darauf ab, die Anwendungsdosen von Pro und GB zu ermitteln, indem sie in steigender Dosierung beiSpinat angewendet wurden, und die Abschwächung der negativen Auswirkungen unter Wasserstressbedingungen zu bestimmen. Unter Gewächshausbedingungen wurden zwei verschiedene Bewässerungsniveaus angewandt, nämlich volle Bewässerung (I100) und 50 % Wasserstress (I50), entsprechend dem faktoriellen Versuchsplan in zufälligen Plots. Darüber hinaus wurden drei verschiedene Pro-Dosen (1, 2 und 3 µM) und drei verschiedene GB-Dosen (50, 100 und 150 µM) verabreicht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Wasserstress zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Pflanzenwachstumsparameter führte. Obwohl die Pro- und GB-Dosen unter Wasserstressbedingungen nicht wirksam waren, trugen sie unter Vollbewässerungsbedingungen zum Pflanzenwachstum bei. Wasserstress verursachte einen signifikanten Anstieg von Katalase (CAT – 49 %), Prolin (PL – 119 %) und Proteingehalt (PT – 12 %). Die Dosen Pro2, GB1 und GB2 verursachten unter Wasserstressbedingungen einen signifikanten Rückgang des CAT-, SOD- und PL-Gehalts. Darüber hinaus wurden bei der dritten Dosis von Pro und der zweiten Dosis von GB höhere Werte für den Gehalt an Carotinoiden, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b und Gesamtchlorophyll erzielt, und es wurde festgestellt, dass einige Anwendungen von Pro und GB das Pflanzenwachstum unter Vollbewässerungsbedingungen unterstützten.
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This research was funded by the SÜ. BAP (Project No. 21401037).
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N. Kayak, Ü. KalX, Y. Dal, D. Yavuz and M. Seymen declare that they have no competing interests.
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Kayak, N., Kal, Ü., Dal, Y. et al. Do Proline and Glycine Betaine Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Water Stress in Spinach?. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 97–113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00675-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00675-6