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Beneficial Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Compost on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Growth Under Field Conditions

Günstige Auswirkungen von pflanzenwachstumsfördernden Rhizobakterien, arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilzen und Kompost auf das Wachstum von Salat (Lactuca sativa) unter Feldbedingungen

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Abstract

Two independent field experiments (2017 and 2019) were conducted to evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; AMF1: Rhizophagus irregularis strain and AMF2: AMF consortium) and compost (Comp) in comparison to chemical NPK fertilizers on growth and yield of lettuce plants and soil properties. The biofertilizers-biostimulants were applied alone or in combinations and increased significantly the lettuce dry weight (DW), number of leaves, and yield compared to the control. In the first experiment, the highest plant DW was obtained by NPK, PGPR + AMF2 + Comp and PGPR treatments recording an increase of 109, 109, and 95%, respectively, compared to the control plants. In the second experiment the highest plant DW was obtained by the NPK (77%), followed by Comp and PGPR + AMF1 + Comp treatments increasing the plant DW by 52 and 51%, respectively, compared to the control. Concerning to lettuce yield, in the first experiment, the highest yields were obtained by NPK, PGPR + AMF2, PGPR + AMF1 + Comp, PGPR, AMF2 + Comp, AMF1 + Comp and AMF2 treatments recording an enhancement of 68, 64, 63, 58, 57, 57, and 55%, respectively. In the second experiment, the application of NPK based fertilizers resulted in the highest yield (77%), followed by PGPR + AMF1 + Comp, PGPR + AMF2 + Comp, AMF1 + Comp, and AMF2 + Comp treatments, increasing the yield by 61, 61, 54, and 55%, respectively, compared to the control. Concerning the soil organic matter (OM), the applied treatments had significantly increased the amount of the OM compared to the control. The highest amounts of OM were obtained by the PGPR + AMF2 + Comp treatment in the first experiment and the PGPR + AMF1 + Comp treatment in the second experiment. The available phosphorus (P) was significantly increased by the application of all treatments. The highest records were obtained by the application of Comp, PGPR + AMF1 and PGPR + AMF1 + Comp treatment after the first experiment. In the second experiment, the highest amount of P was obtained by PGPR + AMF2 + Comp treatment. Application of biofertilizers-biostimulants in combination proved to be beneficial for the improvement of the tested culture yield.

Zusammenfassung

In zwei unabhängigen Feldversuchen (2017 und 2019) wurden die Auswirkungen von pflanzenwachstumsfördernden Rhizobakterien (PGPR), arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilzen (AMF; AMF1: Rhizophagus irregularis-Stamm und AMF2: AMF-Konsortium) und Kompost (Comp) im Vergleich zu chemischen NPK-Düngern auf Wachstum und Ertrag von Salatpflanzen und Bodeneigenschaften untersucht. Die Biodünger-Biostimulanzien wurden allein oder in Kombinationen eingesetzt und steigerten das Trockengewicht (DW), die Anzahl der Blätter und den Ertrag von Salat im Vergleich zur Kontrolle deutlich. Im ersten Versuch erzielten die Behandlungen mit NPK, PGPR + AMF2 + Comp und PGPR die höchsten DW-Werte der Pflanzen mit einer Steigerung von 109 %, 109 % bzw. 95 % im Vergleich zu den Kontrollpflanzen. Im zweiten Versuch wurde das höchste Pflanzentrockengewicht durch die NPK-Behandlung (77 %) erzielt, gefolgt von den Behandlungen Comp und PGPR + AMF1 + Comp, die das Pflanzentrockengewicht um 52 % bzw. 51 % im Vergleich zur Kontrolle erhöhten. Was den Salatertrag betrifft, so wurden im ersten Versuch die höchsten Erträge mit den Behandlungen NPK, PGPR + AMF2, PGPR + AMF1 + Comp, PGPR, AMF2 + Comp, AMF1 + Comp und AMF2 erzielt, die eine Steigerung von 68 %, 64 %, 63 %, 58 %, 57 %, 57 % bzw. 55 % aufwiesen. Im zweiten Versuch führte die Anwendung von NPK-Dünger zum höchsten Ertrag (77 %), gefolgt von den Behandlungen PGPR + AMF1 + Comp, PGPR + AMF2 + Comp, AMF1 + Comp und AMF2 + Compt, die den Ertrag um 61 %, 61 %, 54 % bzw. 55 % im Vergleich zur Kontrolle erhöhten. Was die organische Substanz (OM) im Boden anbelangt, so hatten die angewandten Behandlungen einen signifikant höheren OM-Gehalt als die Kontrolle. Die höchsten OM-Mengen wurden durch die PGPR + AMF2 + Comp-Behandlung im ersten Versuch und durch die PGPR + AMF1 + Comp-Behandlung im zweiten Versuch erzielt. Der verfügbare Phosphor (P) wurde durch die Anwendung aller Behandlungen deutlich erhöht. Die höchsten Werte wurden durch die Anwendung der Behandlungen Comp, PGPR + AMF1 und PGPR + AMF1 + Comp im ersten Versuch erzielt. Im zweiten Versuch wurde der höchste P‑Gehalt durch die Behandlung PGPR + AMF2 + Comp erzielt. Der kombinierte Einsatz von Biodüngern und Biostimulanzien erwies sich als vorteilhaft für die Verbesserung des Ertrags der getesteten Kulturen.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement N°862555 and the Socially Responsible Projects, Cadi Ayyad University UCAM/RSU 2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Abdel-ilah Tahiri, Anas Raklami, Noura Bechtaoui & Khalid Oufdou

  2. Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (Agrobioval), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Abdel-ilah Tahiri, Anas Raklami, Mohamed Anli, Abderrahim Boutasknit & Abdelilah Meddich

  3. Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Mohamed Anli, Abderrahim Boutasknit & Abdelilah Meddich

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  1. Abdel-ilah Tahiri
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  2. Anas Raklami
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  3. Noura Bechtaoui
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  7. Abdelilah Meddich
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Correspondence to Abdelilah Meddich.

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A. Tahiri, A. Raklami, N. Bechtaoui, M. Anli, A. Boutasknit, K. Oufdou and A. Meddich declare that they have no competing interests.

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Tahiri, Ai., Raklami, A., Bechtaoui, N. et al. Beneficial Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Compost on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Growth Under Field Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 219–235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00604-z

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