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The chemical nature of P accumulation in agricultural soils—implications for fertiliser management and design: an Australian perspective

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Abstract

Many agricultural soils worldwide in their natural state are deficient in phosphorus (P), and the production of healthy agricultural crops has required the regular addition of P fertilisers. In cropping systems, P accumulates almost predominantly in inorganic forms in soil, associated with aluminium, calcium and iron. In pasture soils, P accumulates in both inorganic and organic forms, but the chemical nature of much organic P is still unresolved. The P use efficiency (PUE) of fertilisers is generally low in the year of application, but residual effectiveness is important, highlighting the importance of soil P testing prior to fertiliser use. With increasing costs of P fertiliser, various technologies have been suggested to improve PUE, but few have provided solid field evidence for efficacy. Fluid fertilisers have been demonstrated under field conditions to increase PUE on highly calcareous soils. Slow release P products have been demonstrated to improve PUE in soils where leaching is important. Modification of soil chemistry around the fertiliser granule or fluid injection point also offers promise for increasing PUE, but is less well validated. Better placement of P, even into subsoils, also offers promise to increase PUE in both cropping and pasture systems.

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Abbreviations

DAP:

diammonium phosphate

DCPD:

dicalcium phosphate dihydrate

EDTA:

ethylenediamine tetraacetate

MAP:

monoammonium phosphate

MCP:

monocalcium phosphate

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

OM:

organic matter

P:

phosphorus

Pi :

inorganic P

Po :

organic P

PUE:

P use efficiency

RPR:

reactive phosphate rock

TSP:

triple superphosphate

XANES:

x-ray absorption near-edge structure

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mark Conyers, Peter Cornish, Keith Helyar and Peter Randall for critical discussion of the ideas expressed in this paper. MJM, SS, and BA acknowledge support from The Mosaic Company LLC and the Grains Research and Development Corporation, and MJM and TM acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council and the South Australian Grains Industry Trust. Preparation of this review was funded in part by the Meat and Livestock Australia Ltd and CSIRO’s National Research Flagships Program’s Flagship Collaboration Fund which aims to enhance collaboration between CSIRO’s Flagships, Australian universities and other publicly-funded research agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia

    Mike J. McLaughlin & Therese M. McBeath

  2. Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia

    Mike J. McLaughlin, Ron Smernik, Sam P. Stacey & Babasola Ajiboye

  3. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia

    Chris Guppy

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  1. Mike J. McLaughlin
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  2. Therese M. McBeath
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Correspondence to Mike J. McLaughlin.

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McLaughlin, M.J., McBeath, T.M., Smernik, R. et al. The chemical nature of P accumulation in agricultural soils—implications for fertiliser management and design: an Australian perspective. Plant Soil 349, 69–87 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0907-7

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