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Population genetic structure and ecological niche modelling of the leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis

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Abstract

Witches’ broom disease of lime, caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, is responsible for major losses of Mexican lime trees in Southern Iran, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. The causative phytoplasma is transmitted by the leafhopper, Hishimonus phycitis. We combined ecological niche modelling with environmental and genetic data for six populations of H. phycitis from Iran and one from Oman. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and nine microsatellite DNA markers were used for the genetic analyses. Although the Oman population had specific haplotypes, the COI sequences were highly conserved among all populations studied. In contrast, the microsatellite data divided the populations from Iran and Oman into two separate clades. An analysis of molecular variance indicated a high level of variation within populations. The Mantel test showed no correlation between genetic and geographical distances. Gene flow values were small between the populations from Iran and north of Oman but significantly higher among the Iranian populations supporting the differentiation between Iran and Oman. In addition, we found that patterns of genetic divergence within Iranian populations were associated strongly with divergence in terms of their ecological niches. Data on six climatic variables, including elevation, were used to create ecological niche models. Our results suggest that the genetic differentiation of H. phycitis may be attributable to climatic conditions and/or geographical barriers.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Ali K. Al-Wahaibi from Sultan Qaboos University for collecting samples in Oman and sending them to Iran. We are grateful to all those who contributed to the sampling of H. phycitis, including Dr. M. Salehi and M. Shirvani from the Fars Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Ms. A.N. Bagheri and Shoori from the Hormozgan Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for critical reading of the manuscript and providing useful comments. This work was supported by grants from the Iranian Witches’ Broom Disease of Lime Network (IWBDLN) and the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahnaz Shabani & Mahmoud Shojaee

  2. Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology & Forest Protection, Boku, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Coralie Bertheau

  3. Department of Genomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran

    Mehrshad Zeinalabedini & Mohsen Mardi

  4. Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 19395-1454, Iran

    Alimorad Sarafrazi

  5. Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Sepehr Mohajeri Naraghi

  6. Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari, 578, Iran

    Heshmatollah Rahimian

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  1. Mahnaz Shabani
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  8. Mahmoud Shojaee
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Correspondence to Mahnaz Shabani.

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Shabani, M., Bertheau, C., Zeinalabedini, M. et al. Population genetic structure and ecological niche modelling of the leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis . J Pest Sci 86, 173–183 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0463-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0463-9

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