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Richness, distribution, and endemism of neotropical subtribe Ponerinae (Orchidaceae, Epidendreae)

  • Ecology & Biogeography - Original Article
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Abstract

The subtribe Ponerinae (Orchidaceae) includes the genera Helleriella A. D. Hawkes, Isochilus R. Brown, Nemaconia Knowles & Westc., and Ponera Lindl. Most of its species are epiphytes and usually grow on trees of the genus Quercus L. in cloud forests and temperate coniferous and broad-leaved forests; some taxa are rarely lithophytes or less frequently terrestrial. The aim of this study was to estimate the distribution of the species of the subtribe Ponerinae using ecological niche models (ENM), determine areas with highest richness and endemism rates with the occurrence data and the models obtained, and determine if the areas with highest richness and endemism recognized in this work are located within any of the conservation areas (ANPs) and/or Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias (RTPs). We reviewed 1 044 herbarium specimens from ten institutional collections, corresponding to two species of Helleriella, eleven of Isochilus, six of Nemaconia, and two of Ponera, and a geographic and taxonomic database was generated. ENM were constructed with MaxEnt 3.3; and we determine areas with highest species richness and endemism with Biodiverse 4.3. Mexico is the richest country with 21 species, followed by Guatemala with nine. The more widely distributed species are: Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R.Br, and Nemaconia striata (Lindl.) Van den Berg, Salazar & Soto Arenas; I. oaxacanus Salazar & Soto Arenas is endemic to Mexican state of Oaxaca and N. dressleriana (Soto Arenas) van den Berg, Salazar & Soto Arenas of Morelos. The cells with higher occurrence richness and occurrence weighted endemism were located in Chiapas Highlands, and the higher occurrence of corrected weighted endemism is located in Transmexican Volcanic Belt, considered the nucleus of the Mexican Transition Zone. On the other hand, the cells with greater ENM richness and ENM weighted endemism were located in Sierra Madre del Sur, and the higher ENM corrected weighted endemism in Sierra Madre Oriental. It is suggested to change the status of the regions Cañón del Zopilote and El Tlacuache from RTPs to ANPs.

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Data availability statement

All data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank to curators and technical staff of the herbariums AMO, CHAPA, CHIP, CORU, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, UAMIZ and XAL for the facilities granted in the consultation of the botanical material; to the anonymous reviewers who with their comments helped improve this work. The first author thanks to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), for its scholarship awarded for postgraduate studies (CVU 637050), and to Laboratorio de Biología y Sistemática de Monocotiledóneas of Departamento de Biología of Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, for its financial support granted.

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  1. Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

    Iveth Estrada-Sánchez

  2. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09310, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

    Iveth Estrada-Sánchez, Adolfo Espejo-Serna, Javier García-Cruz & Ana Rosa López-Ferrari

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by IES. The first draft of the manuscript was written by IES, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Iveth Estrada-Sánchez.

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Estrada-Sánchez, I., Espejo-Serna, A., García-Cruz, J. et al. Richness, distribution, and endemism of neotropical subtribe Ponerinae (Orchidaceae, Epidendreae). Braz. J. Bot (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-024-01005-y

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