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No effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual evoked potential and peak gamma frequency

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Abstract

Evidence suggests that the visual evoked potential (VEP) and gamma oscillations elicited by visual stimuli reflect the balance of excitatory and inhibitory (E-I) cortical processes. As tDCS has been shown to modulate E–I balance, the current study investigated whether amplitudes of VEP components (N1 and P2) and peak gamma frequency are modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Healthy adults underwent two electroencephalography (EEG) recordings while viewing stimuli designed to elicit a robust visual response. Between the two recordings, participants were randomly assigned to three tDCS conditions (anodal-, cathodal-, and sham-tDCS) or received no-tDCS. tDCS electrodes were placed over the occipital cortex (Oz) and the left cheek with an intensity of 2 mA for 10 min. Data of 39 participants were analysed for VEP amplitudes and peak gamma frequency using mixed-model ANOVAs. The results showed no main effects of tDCS in any metric. Possible explanations for the absence of tDCS effects are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This is a research project that was supported by a grant from the research center for College of Education, Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    A. Bin Dawood

  2. Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite A7-448, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    A. Dickinson

  3. Department of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

    A. Aytemur

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK

    E. Milne & M. Jones

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  1. A. Bin Dawood
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  2. A. Dickinson
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  3. A. Aytemur
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  4. E. Milne
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  5. M. Jones
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Contributions

ABD and MJ planned the experiment. EM developed and provided the software for the EEG task. ABD collected the data. AA assessed the measurements. MJ and AD developed software for time–frequency analysis. ABD and MJ analysed the data. MJ and EM supervised the project. ABD wrote the manuscript, and MJ edited it. All authors reviewed the manuscript and agree with the content.

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Correspondence to A. Bin Dawood.

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The study received full ethical approval from the Department of Psychology University of Sheffield ethics committee (reference number: 016126) and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the beginning of the experimental session.

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Permission was obtained from all participants to use their anonymized data for publication purposes.

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Dawood, A.B., Dickinson, A., Aytemur, A. et al. No effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual evoked potential and peak gamma frequency. Cogn Process 23, 235–254 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-022-01076-3

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