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Toxicity, degradation and analysis of the herbicide atrazine

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Abstract

Excessive use of pesticides and herbicides is a major environmental and health concern worldwide. Atrazine, a synthetic triazine herbicide commonly used to control grassy and broadleaf weeds in crops, is a major pollutant of soil and water ecosystems. Atrazine modifies the growth, enzymatic processes and photosynthesis in plants. Atrazine exerts mutagenicity, genotoxicity, defective cell division, erroneous lipid synthesis and hormonal imbalance in aquatic fauna and nontarget animals. It has threatened the sustainability of agricultural soils due to detrimental effects on resident soil microbial communities. The detection of atrazine in soil and reservoir sites is usually made by IR spectroscopy, ELISA, HPLC, UPLC, LC–MS and GC–MS techniques. HPLC/LC–MS and GC–MS techniques are considered the most effective tools, having detection limits up to ppb levels in different matrices. Biodegradation of atrazine by microbial species is increasingly being recognized as an eco-friendly, economically feasible and sustainable bioremediation strategy. This review presents the toxicity, analytical techniques, abiotic degradation and microbial metabolism of atrazine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Simranjeet Singh & Joginder Singh

  2. Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Vijay Kumar & Abdul Basit Wani

  3. Department of Zoology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Arun Chauhan & Shivika Datta

  4. Department of Microbiology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India

    Nasib Singh

  5. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, India

    Vijay Kumar

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  1. Simranjeet Singh
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Singh, S., Kumar, V., Chauhan, A. et al. Toxicity, degradation and analysis of the herbicide atrazine. Environ Chem Lett 16, 211–237 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0665-8

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