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The genetic structure of Quercus crispula in northeastern Japan as revealed by nuclear simple sequence repeat loci

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Abstract

Previous studies have reached different discussions about the genetic variation and genetic structure of Quercus crispula populations in northeastern Japan. This is a common oak species in Eastern Asia. Some studies have suggested that the populations in northeastern Japan were derived from those remaining in the southwest after the last glacial maximum (LGM), whilst other studies have found evidence that populations persisted in northeastern Japan during the LGM. Using seven highly polymorphic nuclear simple sequence repeat loci, we investigated the genetic structure of 16 Q. crispula populations along a latitudinal gradient in northeastern Japan (northern Honshu and Hokkaido), spanning about half of the species’ biogeographic range in the country. Although the level of population differentiation was low (F ST = 0.021; \( G^{\prime}_{\text{ST}} \) = 0.090), two geographically differentiated clusters were detected by STRUCTURE analysis. The first cluster included most of the populations in Hokkaido, and may indicate continued survival throughout past glacial periods. We found a significant decrease in allelic richness with latitude, so the second cluster may represent an expansion of the lineage from Honshu during the post-glacial period. These results should enhance our understanding of historical north–south migrations of this species in northeastern Japan.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Prof. H. Sakai and Dr. S. Goto for permitting us to collect samples from Furano in the University of Tokyo’s Forest in Hokkaido. Mr. Y. Watano, at the laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Studies, the University of Tokyo, helped with our sampling. We are also grateful to Prof. K. Harada at the University of Ehime, who provided information relating to the paper by Okaura et al. (2007) before its publication. We thank Mattias Jakobsson for his helpful comments on the STRUCTURE analysis and CLUMPP. Financial support was provided by the ESPEC Foundation for Global Environment Research and Technology (Charitable Trust).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Studies, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Takafumi Ohsawa, Yoko Saito & Yuji Ide

  2. Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75326, Uppsala, Sweden

    Yoshiaki Tsuda

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  1. Takafumi Ohsawa
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  2. Yoshiaki Tsuda
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Correspondence to Yoshiaki Tsuda.

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Ohsawa, T., Tsuda, Y., Saito, Y. et al. The genetic structure of Quercus crispula in northeastern Japan as revealed by nuclear simple sequence repeat loci. J Plant Res 124, 645–654 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-010-0402-x

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