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Jasmonic acid involves in grape fruit ripening and resistant against Botrytis cinerea

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Abstract

Fruit ripening is a complex process that is regulated by a signal network. Whereas the regulatory mechanism of abscisic acid has been studied extensively in non-climacteric fruit, little is know about other signaling pathways involved in this process. In this study, we performed that plant hormone jasmonic acid plays an important role in grape fruit coloring and softening by increasing the transcription levels of several ripening-related genes, such as the color-related genes PAL1, DFR, CHI, F3H, GST, CHS, and UFGT; softening-related genes PG, PL, PE, Cell, EG1, and XTH1; and aroma-related genes Ecar, QR, and EGS. Lastly, the fruit anthocyanin, phenol, aroma, and cell wall materials were changed. Jasmonic acid positively regulated its biosynthesis pathway genes LOS, AOS, and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) and signal pathway genes COI1 and JMT. RNA interference of grape jasmonic acid pathway gene VvAOS in strawberry fruit appeared fruit un-coloring phenotypes; exogenous jasmonic acid rescued this phenotypes. On the contrary, overexpression of grape jasmonic acid receptor VvCOI1 in the strawberry fruit accelerated the fruit-ripening process and induced some plant defense-related gene expression level. Furthermore, jasmonic acid treatment or strong jasmonic acid signal pathway in strawberry fruit make the fruit resistance against Botrytis cinerea.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences for providing the grape and strawberry fruit materials. We also thank all laboratory members for their help, advice, and discussion.

Funding

This work was supported by the China National Natural Science Fund (31401847), Jiangsu Natural Science Fund (BK20140707), China Postdoctoral Science Fund (2014 M561663), and Central University Basic Research and Operating Expenses of Special Funding (KJQN201541).

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    1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

      Haifeng Jia, Cheng Zhang, Tariq Pervaiz, Pengcheng Zhao, Zhongjie Liu, Baoju Wang, Chen Wang, Lin Zhang, Jinggui Fang & Jianpu Qian

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    Haifeng Jia, Cheng Zhang and Zhongjie Liu contributed equally to this article.

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    ESM 1

    Fig. S1. Changes of LOX, AOS, OPR3, COI1, and JMT mRNA levels during grape fruit development. Transcript levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using Vv18s as an internal control. Error bars represent the standard error (SE) (n = 3) (TIFF 155 kb)

    ESM 2

    Fig. S2. Changes of ethylene content after MeJA application in grape. Asterisks indicated statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 as determined by Student’s test. (TIFF 19 kb)

    ESM 3

    Fig. S3. Methyl jasmonic acid treatment enhances the strawberry fruit resistance against B. cinerea. Comparison of sensitivity to gray mold fungus at 25 °C and 95 % relative humidity between control fruits (water treatment) and methyl jasmonic acid (10 μm) treatment fruit. The full ripening strawberry fruits were inoculated with fungal spore concentration of 104/μl. The pictures were got in 0, 2, 3, 4, and 8 days after inoculated with B. cinerea. (TIFF 5600 kb)

    ESM 4

    Supplement Table S1. Primers used in the article. (DOCX 25 kb)

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    Jia, H., Zhang, C., Pervaiz, T. et al. Jasmonic acid involves in grape fruit ripening and resistant against Botrytis cinerea . Funct Integr Genomics 16, 79–94 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-015-0468-6

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