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The endosphere microbial communities, a great promise in agriculture

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Abstract

Agricultural food production and sustainability need intensification to address the current global food supply to meet human demand. The continuous human population increase and other anthropogenic activities threaten food security. Agrochemical inputs have long been used in conventional agricultural systems to boost crop productivity, but they are disadvantageous to a safe environment. Towards developing environmentally friendly agriculture, efforts are being directed in exploring biological resources from soil and plant microbes. The survival of the rhizosphere and endosphere microbiota is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Plant microbiota live interdependently with the host plants. Endophytes are regarded as colonizer microbes inhabiting and establishing microbial communities within the plant tissue. Their activities are varied and include fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, synthesis of siderophores, secretion of metabolite-like compounds containing active biocontrol agents in the control of phytopathogens, and induced systemic resistance that stimulates plant response to withstand stress. Exploring beneficial endophyte resources in the formulation of bio-inoculants, such as biofertilizers, as an alternative to agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in developing environmentally friendly agriculture and for incorporation into crop breeding and disease control program is promising. Therefore, in this review, endosphere microbial ecology, associating environmental factors, and their roles that contribute to their effectiveness in promoting plant growth for maximum agricultural crop productivity were highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

The Ph.D. stipend of Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke (BSA) is from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (UID: 116100). Olubukola Oluranti Babalola (OOB) acknowledges NRF for the grant (UID: 123634) that supports work in her laboratory.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (UID: 123634).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa

    Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke & Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

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  1. Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
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  2. Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
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Both authors contributed equally.

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Correspondence to Olubukola Oluranti Babalola.

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Adeleke, B.S., Babalola, O.O. The endosphere microbial communities, a great promise in agriculture. Int Microbiol 24, 1–17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-020-00140-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-020-00140-2

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