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Effects of geometric and heat transfer parameters on adsorption–desorption characteristics of CO2-activated carbon pair

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Abstract

A comprehensive 2-D transient heat and mass transfer analysis is carried out to identify the best reactor configuration in terms of better charge and discharge characteristics for a CO2-activated carbon (Maxsorb III)-based sorption systems. Reactors with different aspect ratios (AR) ranging from 0.35 to 7.8 are analysed for a wide range of convective heat transfer coefficient (h), constant pressure charging, and discharging cases. Effects of external cooling/heating fluid temperature, convective heat transfer coefficient (h), operating pressures are studied for both the charging (1–100 bar) and discharging (65–110 bar) cases. The adsorption cell with AR= 7.8 showed the best performance for CO2 adsorption/desorption in a fixed charge/discharge time of 300 s. For charging at 100 bar pressure, the reactor with AR= 7.8 resulted in an increment of 23.34% in CO2 uptake and reduction in maximum bed temperature by 27 K compared to that of the reactor with AR = 0.35. For h = 700 and 500 W/m2 K, the reactor with AR = 7.8 adsorbs 1300 g and desorbs 832 g of CO2/kg of adsorbent at 100 bar and 65 bar for external cooling and heating fluid temperature of 293 K and 800 K, respectively. The study concludes that better discharge performance can be attained by proper selection of AR even at a lower heating fluid temperature as the reactor with AR = 7.8 at 600 K can desorb 46 to 131 g of extra CO2 w.r.t. all ARs at 800 K. The proposed reactor configurations are supposed to play a vital role in designing of adsorption-based green refrigeration and carbon capture systems.

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Abbreviations

b :

Henry’s constant (1/bar)

b 0 :

Pre-exponential coefficient in isotherm model (1/bar)

c :

Adsorbate uptake (kg/kg)

c 0 :

Limiting uptake (kg/kg)

C p :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J/kg K)

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

K :

Permeability of the bed (m2)

k :

Parameter accounting for the presence of graphite in bed (–)

k so :

Pre-exponential coefficient in the kinetic model (1/s)

M :

Molecular weight (kg/kmol)

n :

Heterogeneity factor (–)

P :

Pressure (bar)

Q st :

Isosteric heat of adsorption (J/mol)

R u :

Universal gas constant (J/mol K)

T :

Temperature (K)

t :

Time (s)

u :

Gas velocity (m/s)

ε :

Porosity (–)

y :

Mass ratio (–)

a :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

μ :

Gas viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density of gas (kg/m3)

ads:

Adsorbed

eff:

Effective

eq:

Equilibrium

ext:

External

g:

Gas

gr:

Graphite

i:

Initial

s:

Adsorbent

t:

Total

AC:

Activated carbon

ACF:

Activated carbon fibres

ACS:

Activated carbon spheres

ADCS:

Adsorption cooling system

AR:

Aspect ratio

CCS:

Carbon capture and storage

CMS:

Carbon molecular sieves

CSAC:

Coconut shell-based activated carbon

GHG:

Greenhouse gas emission

MOF:

Metal organic framework

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology (Science and Engineering Research Board), Govt. of India [Grant No. ECR/2018/000141] for financial assistance provided to carry out the present research work.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Gautam & Satyabrata Sahoo

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Gautam, Sahoo, S. Effects of geometric and heat transfer parameters on adsorption–desorption characteristics of CO2-activated carbon pair. Clean Techn Environ Policy 23, 1065–1085 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01866-3

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