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Impact of climate change on irrigation requirements in terms of groundwater resources

Impact du changement climatique sur les besoins en eaux souterraines pour l’irrigation

Impacto del cambio climático en los requerimientos de riego en término de los recursos de agua subterránea

气候变化影响下灌溉对地下水的需求

Impacte das alterações climáticas nas exigências de rega em termos de recursos hídricos subterrâneos

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Abstract

Climate change affects not only water resources but also water demand for irrigation. A large proportion of the world’s agriculture depends on groundwater, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In several regions, aquifer resources face depletion. Groundwater recharge has been viewed as a by-product of irrigation return flow, and with climate change, aquifer storage of such flow will be vital. A general review, for a broad-based audience, is given of work on global warming and groundwater resources, summarizing the methods used to analyze the climate change scenarios and the influence of these predicted changes on groundwater resources around the world (especially the impact on regional groundwater resources and irrigation requirements). Future challenges of adapting to climate change are also discussed. Such challenges include water-resources depletion, increasing irrigation demand, reduced crop yield, and groundwater salinization. The adaptation to and mitigation of these effects is also reported, including useful information for water-resources managers and the development of sustainable groundwater irrigation methods. Rescheduling irrigation according to the season, coordinating the groundwater resources and irrigation demand, developing more accurate and complete modeling prediction methods, and managing the irrigation facilities in different ways would all be considered, based on the particular cases.

Résumé

Le changement climatique impacte non seulement les ressources en eau, mais également la demande en eau pour l’irrigation. Une très grande partie de l’agriculture mondiale dépend de l’eau souterraine, en particulier dans les régions arides et semi-arides. Dans plusieurs régions, les ressources en eaux souterraines sont soumises à de sévères diminutions de niveaux piézométriques. La recharge des eaux souterraines est assurée par les précipitations mais également par l’eau de l’irrigation non utilisée par les plantes qui s’infiltre ; avec le changement climatique, le stockage dans les aquifères de tels flux sera essentiel. Une revue générale, à destination d’un large public, a été effectuée concernant le réchauffement planétaire et les ressources en eaux souterraines, synthétisant les méthodes utilisées pour analyser les scénarios de changement climatique et l’influence de ces changements prédits sur les ressources en eaux souterraines de part le monde (spécialement l’impact sur les ressources en eaux souterraines régionales et les demandes pour l’irrigation). Les défis du futur concernant l’adaptation aux changements climatiques sont également discutés. De tels défis comprennent la diminution des ressources en eau, l’augmentation de la demande en eau pour l’irrigation, la diminution de production et la salinisation des eaux souterraines. L’adaptation et l’atténuation de ces effets sont également discutées, avec des informations utiles pour les gestionnaires des ressources en eau, mais également concernant le développement de méthodes d’irrigation durable à partir des eaux souterraines. Le changement du type d’irrigation en fonction de la saison, tenant compte des ressources en eaux souterraines et de la demande en irrigation, par le développement de méthodes de modélisation prédictive plus précise et complète, et la gestion des installations d’irrigation selon différentes manières sont ainsi considérés, en s’appuyant sur des cas particuliers.

Resumen

El cambio climático afecta no solo a los recursos hídricos, sino también a la demanda de agua para riego. Una gran proporción de la agricultura mundial depende de las aguas subterráneas, especialmente en regiones áridas y semiáridas. En varias regiones, los recursos acuíferos enfrentan al agotamiento. La recarga de agua subterránea ha sido vista como un subproducto del flujo de retorno del riego, y con el cambio climático, el almacenamiento en el acuífero de tal flujo será vital. Se da una revisión general, para una amplia audiencia del trabajo de calentamiento global y recursos de agua subterránea, resumiendo los métodos usados para analizar los escenarios de cambio climático y la influencia de estos cambios predichos sobre los recursos de agua subterránea alrededor del mundo (especialmente el impacto sobre los recursos regionales de aguas subterráneas y los requerimientos del riego. También son discutidos los desafíos futuros de adaptación al cambio climático. Tales desafíos incluyen al agotamiento de los recursos hídricos, crecimientos en la demanda para riego, reducción en el rendimiento de cosechas y salinización del agua subterránea. También se informa sobre la adaptación y la mitigación de estos efectos, incluyendo información útil para los administradores de los recursos hídricos y el desarrollo sustentables de métodos de riego de aguas subterráneas. También se consideran sobre la base de casos particulares, la reprogramación del riego de acuerdo con la estación, la coordinación de los recursos de agua subterránea y la demanda para riego, el desarrollo de métodos de predicción modelísticos más completos y seguros, y la gestión de las instalaciones de riego en diferentes formas.

摘要

气候变化不仅影响水资源, 而且影响灌溉对水的需求。世界农业大部分依赖地下水, 尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区。在某些地区, 含水层面临疏干。地下水补给被视为灌溉回归的副产品。在气候变化背景下, 这部分地下水量尤为重要。对全球变暖和地下水资源进行了综述, 对不同气候变化情景对所预测的世界范围内地下水资源的影响的分析方法进行了总结 (特别是它对区域地下水资源和灌溉需求的影响)。讨论了未来适应气候变化所面临的挑战。这些挑战包括水资源枯竭、灌溉需求增长、减产及地下水盐化。论述了如何适应和减缓这些响应, 包括对水资源管理者有用的信息和可持续地下水灌溉方法的研发。基于具体案例, 考虑了依季节变更灌溉时间、协调地下水资源和灌溉需求、发展更加准确和完整的模拟预测方法, 及管理灌溉设施的不同方法。

Resumo

As alterações climáticas afectam não só os recursos hídricos mas também as exigências de água para rega. Uma grande parte da agricultura mundial depende de água subterrânea, sobretudo em regiões áridas a semi-áridas. Em várias regiões, os recursos aquíferos enfrentam o esgotamento. A recarga de água subterrânea tem sido vista como um sub-produto do fluxo de retorno da rega e, com as alterações climáticas, o armazenamento deste fluxo nos aquíferos será vital. Apresenta-se uma revisão geral dos trabalhos sobre aquecimento global e recursos hídricos subterrâneos, para uma audiência ampla, resumindo os métodos usados para analisar os cenários de alteração climática e a influência das alterações previstas nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos a nível mundial (especialmente o impacte nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos regionais e nas exigências de rega). São também discutidos os desafios futuros de adaptação às alterações climáticas. Estes desafios incluem o esgotamento de recursos hídricos, o aumento das necessidades de água para rega, a redução de rendimento dos campos de cultivo e a salinização da água subterrânea. A adaptação a estes efeitos e a sua mitigação também são reportadas, incluindo informação útil para gestores de recursos hídricos e o desenvolvimento de métodos de rega sustentáveis utilizando águas subterrâneas. A re-calendarização da rega segundo as estações do ano, a coordenação dos recursos de água subterrânea com as necessidades de rega, o desenvolvimento de métodos mais precisos e completos de modelos preditivos e a gestão de infra-estruturas de rega, serão, de diferentes formas, todos considerados, com base em casos particulares.

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  1. School of Environmental Studies and MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Yu Zhou, Yanxin Wang & Yilian Li

  2. Centre d’Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie (CHYN), Institut de Géologie et d’Hydrogéologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Case Postal 158, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Yu Zhou & François Zwahlen

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Zhou, Y., Zwahlen, F., Wang, Y. et al. Impact of climate change on irrigation requirements in terms of groundwater resources. Hydrogeol J 18, 1571–1582 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0627-8

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