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Climate-resilient strategies for sustainable management of water resources and agriculture

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Abstract

Warming of the earth is considered as the major adverse effect of climate change along with other abnormalities such as non-availability of water resources, decreased agriculture production, food security, rise in seawater level, glaciers melting, and loss of biodiversity. Over the years, decreased agriculture production and water quality degradation have been observed due to climatic abnormalities. Crop production is highly sensitive to climate. It gets affected by long-term trends in average rainfall and temperature, annual climate variations, shocks during different stages of growth, and extreme weather events. Globally, the areas sown for the major crops of barley, maize, rice, sorghum, soya bean, and wheat have all seen an increase in the percentage of area affected by drought as defined in terms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index since the 1960s, from approximately 5–10% to approximately 15–25%. Increase in temperature will be observed in terms of wheat yield losses − 5.5 ± 4.4% per degree Celsius for the United States, − 9.1 ± 5.4% per degree Celsius for India, and − 7.8 ± 6.3% per degree Celsius for Russia as these countries are more vulnerable to temperature increase. Water management through increasing storage capacity (or rainwater storage), fair policies for water supply and distribution, river health, and watershed management can reduce the negative effects of climate change on water resource availability. Similarly, climate change-resistant crop development, water management in irrigation, adapting climate-smart agriculture approach, and promoting indigenous knowledge can ensure the food security via increasing agricultural yield. Technical intervention can equip the farmers with the scientific analyses of the climatic parameters required for the sustainable agriculture management. These technologies may include application of software, nutrient management, water management practices, instruments for temperature measurement and soil health analysis etc. Holistic efforts of the stakeholders (farmers, local society, academia, scientists, policy makers, NGOs etc.) can provide better results to reduce the risks of climate change on agriculture and water resources as discussed in this paper.

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Funding

Dr. Rajni Dhyani is thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR) for providing her financial assistance through CSIR-Research Associate fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Arun Lal Srivastav

  2. CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi, India

    Rajni Dhyani

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manish Ranjan

  4. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Sughosh Madhav

  5. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Mika Sillanpää

  6. Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Mika Sillanpää

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa

    Mika Sillanpää

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  1. Arun Lal Srivastav
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  2. Rajni Dhyani
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  3. Manish Ranjan
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  4. Sughosh Madhav
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  5. Mika Sillanpää
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Contributions

ALS: Ideation and drafting of the manuscript; RJ: Review and value addition; MR: assistance in drafting; SM: assistance in literature review; MS: Critical review and expert view.

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Highlights

• Climate change is responsible for the elevation of earth’s temperature.

• CropSyst, Cool Farm Tool like software can give better result to deal with climate change.

• Sustainable approaches of reducing evapotranspiration for water management can give better results.

• Promotion of indigenous knowledge can be helpful to deal with climatic variations.

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Srivastav, A.L., Dhyani, R., Ranjan, M. et al. Climate-resilient strategies for sustainable management of water resources and agriculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 41576–41595 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14332-4

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